Opportunistic Infections — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The most common infectious etiology for adrenal insufficiency in children is _____

Answer: meningococcemia

Flashcard 2: The most common etiological agent, in India, of acute epiglottitis in the pediatric age group, now is _____.

Answer: H. influenzae type B

Flashcard 3: In a baby born to an HIV-infected mother, HIV infection is diagnosed using _____ PCR

Answer: HIV DNA

Flashcard 4: A woman with HIV infection on ART _____ withhold breastfeeding and can give EBM

Answer: should not

Flashcard 5: An infant born to a mother who is newly identified as HIV-positive within _____ weeks of delivery should be considered as high risk.

Answer: 4

Extra: According to **NACO 2021 guidelines**, an infant is considered **high risk** for HIV transmission if: - Mother received ART for **< 4 weeks** before delivery. - Mother has a viral load **> 1,000 copies/mL** in the last trimester (or no VL available). - Mother was newly diagnosed with HIV during the breastfeeding period. **Management of High-Risk Infants:** - Dual prophylaxis with **Zidovudine (AZT) + Nevirapine (NVP)** for 6 weeks. - Followed by **Nevirapine** for an additional 6 weeks (Total 12 weeks). *Note: In older guidelines, 6 weeks was sometimes mentioned in relation to the duration of prophylaxis, but the current threshold for maternal ART duration is 4 weeks.*

Flashcard 6: CMV in newborns can present with blueberry muffin rash, _____ and jaundice

Answer: hepatosplenomegaly

Flashcard 7: Severe, permanent symptoms of congenital_____ infection are remembered via the mnemonic MR DICS

Answer: CMV

Flashcard 8: _____ prophylactic therapy initiation and early infant diagnosis with use of HIV DNA PCR at 6 weeks after birth, is done according to PPTCT

Answer: Co-trimoxazole

Flashcard 9: _____ is aka 100 days cough

Answer: Pertussis

Extra: Also known as whooping cough. caused by Bordetella pertussis.

Flashcard 10: A **fully immunized** child is one who has received all vaccines due by the age of _____.

Answer: 1 year

Extra: A child is 'fully' immunized if they receive all vaccines due by 1 year of age. They are 'completely' immunized if they receive all vaccines due by 2 years of age.