Congenital Infections Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Congenital Infections with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Congenital Infections Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Bony nodules on the skull of infants with congenital syphilis, is known as _____ nodes
Answer: Parrot's
Flashcard 2: Most serious complication of rubella is _____
Answer: encephalitis
Flashcard 3: An infant born to a mother who is newly identified as HIV-positive within _____ weeks of delivery should be considered as high risk.
Answer: 4
Extra: According to **NACO 2021 guidelines**, an infant is considered **high risk** for HIV transmission if:
- Mother received ART for **< 4 weeks** before delivery.
- Mother has a viral load **> 1,000 copies/mL** in the last trimester (or no VL available).
- Mother was newly diagnosed with HIV during the breastfeeding period.
**Management of High-Risk Infants:**
- Dual prophylaxis with **Zidovudine (AZT) + Nevirapine (NVP)** for 6 weeks.
- Followed by **Nevirapine** for an additional 6 weeks (Total 12 weeks).
*Note: In older guidelines, 6 weeks was sometimes mentioned in relation to the duration of prophylaxis, but the current threshold for maternal ART duration is 4 weeks.*
Flashcard 4: _____ spots are seen, in Rubella
Answer: Forchheimer
Flashcard 5: Severe, permanent symptoms of congenital_____ infection are remembered via the mnemonic MR DICS
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 6: A **fully immunized** child is one who has received all vaccines due by the age of _____.
Answer: 1 year
Extra: A child is 'fully' immunized if they receive all vaccines due by 1 year of age. They are 'completely' immunized if they receive all vaccines due by 2 years of age.
Flashcard 7: HIV progression is _____ in infants and children
Answer: rapid
Flashcard 8: _____ is aka 100 days cough
Answer: Pertussis
Extra: Also known as whooping cough. caused by Bordetella pertussis.
Flashcard 9: A rare, late complication of natural measles infection is _____
Answer: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Extra: The measles vaccine does not cause SSPE; it prevents it by protecting against natural (wild-type) measles infection. SSPE is caused by a persistent, mutated measles virus in the CNS.
Flashcard 10: Contraindications for pertussis-containing vaccines (DTwP/DTaP) include:
Answer: 1. Encephalopathy within 7 days of a previous dose
2. Progressive/unstable neurological disorder (e.g., uncontrolled epilepsy, infantile spasms)
Extra: For children with these contraindications, the pertussis component is omitted and the **DT** (Diphtheria and Tetanus) vaccine is administered instead of DTwP or DTaP.
**Note on DTaP vs. DTwP:**
In the Indian context (where DTwP is standard), DTaP is preferred over DTwP for:
- History of severe local reaction, high fever, or persistent crying after a previous dose of DTwP.
- Children with **stable** neurological conditions or a history of febrile seizures, to minimize the risk of post-vaccination fever.
"Severe immunological deficits" (mentioned in the original card) is a contraindication for **live** vaccines (e.g., BCG, OPV, MMR), not for the pertussis vaccine (which is inactivated).
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