Parasitic Infections — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Toxoplasmosis in children may lead to _____ hydrocephalus

Answer: obstructive

Flashcard 2: Sensorineural deafness is a complication of which (4) congenital (ToRCHeS) infections? _____

Answer: CMV, Rubella, Syphilis, and Toxoplasmosis

Extra: CMV is the most common cause of non-hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Rubella (part of the classic triad) and Syphilis (part of Hutchinson's triad) are also major causes. Toxoplasmosis can also cause SNHL, though it is less frequent than the others.

Flashcard 3: Most serious complication of rubella is _____

Answer: encephalitis

Flashcard 4: An infant born to a mother who is newly identified as HIV-positive within _____ weeks of delivery should be considered as high risk.

Answer: 4

Extra: According to **NACO 2021 guidelines**, an infant is considered **high risk** for HIV transmission if: - Mother received ART for **< 4 weeks** before delivery. - Mother has a viral load **> 1,000 copies/mL** in the last trimester (or no VL available). - Mother was newly diagnosed with HIV during the breastfeeding period. **Management of High-Risk Infants:** - Dual prophylaxis with **Zidovudine (AZT) + Nevirapine (NVP)** for 6 weeks. - Followed by **Nevirapine** for an additional 6 weeks (Total 12 weeks). *Note: In older guidelines, 6 weeks was sometimes mentioned in relation to the duration of prophylaxis, but the current threshold for maternal ART duration is 4 weeks.*

Flashcard 5: _____ spots are seen, in Rubella

Answer: Forchheimer

Flashcard 6: _____ and CMV are 2 ToRCHeS infections that are associated with a "blueberry muffin" rash.

Answer: Rubella

Flashcard 7: _____ prophylactic therapy initiation and early infant diagnosis with use of HIV DNA PCR at 6 weeks after birth, is done according to PPTCT

Answer: Co-trimoxazole

Flashcard 8: What viruses classically cause Reye syndrome when treated with aspirin?_____ and VZV

Answer: Influenza B

Flashcard 9: _____ is aka 100 days cough

Answer: Pertussis

Extra: Also known as whooping cough. caused by Bordetella pertussis.

Flashcard 10: A **fully immunized** child is one who has received all vaccines due by the age of _____.

Answer: 1 year

Extra: A child is 'fully' immunized if they receive all vaccines due by 1 year of age. They are 'completely' immunized if they receive all vaccines due by 2 years of age.