Neuropathology — Flashcards

Flashcard 71: In Punch-drunk syndrome, the gross brain shows some _____ and slight hydrocephalus

Answer: cortical atrophy

Flashcard 72: CNS involvement of disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis can result in _____ as well as caseating mass lesions known as tuberculomas

Answer: meningitis

Flashcard 73: _____ encephalopathy is a degenerative disease due to abnormal prion proteins

Answer: Spongiform

Flashcard 74: _____ atrophy is the congenital degeneration of the anterior horns of the spinal cord

Answer: Spinal muscular

Flashcard 75: Alzheimer disease is characterized by _____, which are intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

Answer: neurofibrillary tangles

Flashcard 76: Neurofibromatosis type II is associated with mutations in the _____ tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 22

Answer: NF2

Flashcard 77: The _____ and fifth cortical layers are best for displaying the histological changes of hypoxia.

Answer: third

Extra: This pattern of selective neuronal loss is known as **pseudolaminar necrosis**. The most sensitive cells to hypoxia/ischemia in the CNS are: 1. **Pyramidal cells** of the hippocampus (**Sommer sector/CA1**) and neocortex (**layers III, V, and VI**). 2. **Purkinje cells** of the cerebellum. 3. Striatal neurons.

Flashcard 78: _____ disease is associated with increased 14-3-3 protein in CSF

Answer: Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Flashcard 79: _____ - considered to be the most reliable indicator of axon damage in Diffuse Axonal Injury

Answer: Beta-amyloid precursor protein

Flashcard 80: What neurotransmitters are decreased in Huntington disease? _____, GABA, and substance P

Answer: Acetylcholine