Peripheral Nerve Disorders — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The earliest histological evidence for Diffuse Axonal Injury appears at _____. Bonus: What is this evidence? Axonal spheroids (swellings)

Answer: 12 hours

Extra: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) results from shearing forces during traumatic brain injury. - **Microscopic findings:** Axonal spheroids (swellings) caused by disruption of axonal transport at the nodes of Ranvier. - **Timing:** Spheroids become visible on light microscopy (e.g., silver stains) at approximately **12-24 hours**. - **Immunohistochemistry:** β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) can detect injury much earlier, within 2-4 hours.

Flashcard 2: What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Pure Neuritic Leprosy?

Answer: Nerve biopsy

Flashcard 3: Enlargement of the nucleus to two to five times the normal size in Schwann cells of the dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves, also called as _____ is seen in ataxia-telangiectasia

Answer: amphicytes

Flashcard 4: _____ maybe done for diagnosis of leprosy in a patient presenting with a thick, nodular and beaded nerve

Answer: FNAC (Biopsy/FNAC)

Flashcard 5: The most common variant of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is CMT1A is caused by a duplication of a region on chromosome _____

Answer: 17

Flashcard 6: _____ has superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1) inclusions.

Answer: ALS

Flashcard 7: _____ classification is used for classifying neuroblastoma.

Answer: Shimada

Flashcard 8: What CNS tumor is seen in the histology slide below? _____

Answer: Hemangioblastoma (closely arranged, thin-walled capillaries with minimal intervening parenchyma)

Flashcard 9: Spheno-orbital encephalocoele, due to dysplasia of the greater wing of the sphenoid is commonly seen in _____

Answer: neurofibromatosis type 1

Flashcard 10: Which feature of von Hippel-Lindau disease is seen in the image below? _____

Answer: Hemangioblastoma (high vascularity with hyperchromatic nuclei)