Nephrology — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: What is the primary defect in Type 1 (distal) renal tubular acidosis (RTA)?

Answer: Inability of \u03b1-intercalated cells to secrete H+ (often due to diminished H+-ATPase activity)

Flashcard 122: Atheroembolic kidney disease will present with transient _____ophilia

Answer: eosin

Flashcard 123: Which organ is least likely to present with extra-renal symptoms of ADPKD?_____

Answer: Lung

Flashcard 124: Contrast induced nephropathy is seen especially with _____ osmolar agents.

Answer: high (low/high)

Flashcard 125: Distal renal tubular acidosis, Medullary sponge kidney, Sarcoidosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperoxaluria, all lead to _____ nephrocalcinosis

Answer: medullary

Flashcard 126: What is the urinary pH in type 1 renal tubular acidosis?_____

Answer: High

Flashcard 127: In chronic renal failure, which protein accumulates and can lead to amyloidosis?

Answer: Beta-2 microglobulin (β2M)

Extra: Beta-2 microglobulin is a low-molecular-weight protein (part of the MHC class I molecule) that is normally filtered by the glomerulus. In chronic renal failure, especially in patients on long-term dialysis, it accumulates and deposits as amyloid fibrils, leading to Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis (DRA). Common manifestations include carpal tunnel syndrome and osteoarticular complications.

Flashcard 128: _____ is the most common cause of renal failure in multiple myeloma.

Answer: Cast nephropathy (Myeloma kidney)

Extra: Cast nephropathy is the most common cause of renal failure in multiple myeloma. Hypercalcemia is a very common cause of **acute** renal insufficiency/failure in these patients due to volume depletion and intrarenal vasoconstriction.

Flashcard 129: The sodium deficit is calculated as (target sodium concentration-current sodium concentration) x _____ x Body weight (kg).

Answer: 0.6

Flashcard 130: _____ is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.

Answer: FSGS