Nephrology — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: What is the primary defect in Type 1 (distal) renal tubular acidosis (RTA)?

Answer: Inability of \u03b1-intercalated cells to secrete H+ (often due to diminished H+-ATPase activity)

Flashcard 122: Which organ is least likely to present with extra-renal symptoms of ADPKD?_____

Answer: Lung

Flashcard 123: Atheroembolic kidney disease will present with transient _____ophilia

Answer: eosin

Flashcard 124: Distal renal tubular acidosis, Medullary sponge kidney, Sarcoidosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperoxaluria, all lead to _____ nephrocalcinosis

Answer: medullary

Flashcard 125: Contrast induced nephropathy is seen especially with _____ osmolar agents.

Answer: high (low/high)

Flashcard 126: In chronic renal failure, which protein accumulates and can lead to amyloidosis?

Answer: Beta-2 microglobulin (β2M)

Extra: Beta-2 microglobulin is a low-molecular-weight protein (part of the MHC class I molecule) that is normally filtered by the glomerulus. In chronic renal failure, especially in patients on long-term dialysis, it accumulates and deposits as amyloid fibrils, leading to Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis (DRA). Common manifestations include carpal tunnel syndrome and osteoarticular complications.

Flashcard 127: What is the urinary pH in type 1 renal tubular acidosis?_____

Answer: High

Flashcard 128: The sodium deficit is calculated as (target sodium concentration-current sodium concentration) x _____ x Body weight (kg).

Answer: 0.6

Flashcard 129: _____ are the cornerstone of treatment for scleroderma renal crisis.

Answer: ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 130: Rapidly progressive disease with oliguria is _____ in PSGN.

Answer: very rare::common/rare