Renal Replacement Therapy — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ are the cornerstone of treatment for scleroderma renal crisis.

Answer: ACE inhibitors

Flashcard 2: _____ refers to infection of kidneys, with characteristic gas formation within or around the kidneys

Answer: Emphysematous pyelonephritis

Flashcard 3: _____ casts are known as renal failure casts, and are associated with a poor prognosis

Answer: Broad

Flashcard 4: Indications for acute dialysis may be remembered with the mnemonic AEIOU:A - _____E - severe Electrolyte abnormalitiesI - substance IntoxicationO - volume OverloadU - Uremic symptoms

Answer: Acidosis

Flashcard 5: Initially, NEG of the efferent arteriole (diabetes mellitus) causes hyperfiltration injury, which leads to the development of _____ by promoting production of heparanase.

Answer: microalbuminuria

Flashcard 6: The most common manifestation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is _____

Answer: hematuria

Flashcard 7: At what GFR level is maintenance dialysis typically initiated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Answer: GFR < 10 mL/min/1.73 m² (typically 5–10 mL/min/1.73 m²)

Extra: While dialysis initiation is primarily driven by clinical symptoms (uremia, refractory fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances), it is generally considered when the GFR falls below 10 mL/min/1.73 m². Note that standard GFR estimation equations (MDRD, CKD-EPI) are not valid for patients already receiving dialysis.

Flashcard 8: Half and half nails, also called Lindsay nails are specific for _____

Answer: renal failure

Flashcard 9: _____ renal tubular acidosis is also known as type 1 RTA

Answer: Distal

Flashcard 10: _____ is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults

Answer: Membranous nephropathy