Tubulointerstitial Diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is a type of nephrotic syndrome associated with heroin abuse

Answer: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Flashcard 2: Acute interstitial nephritis is associated with _____ and pyuria (classically eosinophils)

Answer: hematuria

Flashcard 3: In chronic renal failure, which protein accumulates and can lead to amyloidosis?

Answer: Beta-2 microglobulin (β2M)

Extra: Beta-2 microglobulin is a low-molecular-weight protein (part of the MHC class I molecule) that is normally filtered by the glomerulus. In chronic renal failure, especially in patients on long-term dialysis, it accumulates and deposits as amyloid fibrils, leading to Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis (DRA). Common manifestations include carpal tunnel syndrome and osteoarticular complications.

Flashcard 4: _____ renal tubular acidosis is also known as type 4 RTA

Answer: Hyperkalemic

Flashcard 5: _____ glomerulonephritis may present with hematuria and cola / tea-colored urine

Answer: Poststreptococcal

Flashcard 6: Distal renal tubular acidosis, Medullary sponge kidney, Sarcoidosis, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperoxaluria, all lead to _____ nephrocalcinosis

Answer: medullary

Flashcard 7: Half and half nails, also called Lindsay nails are specific for _____

Answer: renal failure

Flashcard 8: _____ is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in Caucasian adults

Answer: Membranous nephropathy

Flashcard 9: _____ renal tubular acidosis is also known as type 1 RTA

Answer: Distal

Flashcard 10: Plasma potassium _____ by alkalinization in Type 1 RTA

Answer: normalizes