Anatomical Variations and Anomalies — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: Horseshoe kidney increases the vulnerability to develop into a diseased condition, possibly because the ureters are _____

Answer: angulated

Flashcard 52: What is the demographic of horseshoe kidney?

Answer: Males > Females (2:1)

Flashcard 53: Trigonocephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ suture

Answer: metopic

Flashcard 54: Scaphocephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ suture

Answer: sagittal

Flashcard 55: A patent _____ will cause umbilical discharge in the presence of straining

Answer: urachus

Flashcard 56: The skull of an Indian is _____

Answer: 'Caucasian with a few Negroid features'

Flashcard 57: Branchial cysts are present most commonly at the _____

Answer: angle of the mandible

Flashcard 58: When both the superior and inferior poles of the kidneys are fused, it is referred to as a _____

Answer: Pancake kidney (or Discoid kidney)

Extra: • **Horseshoe kidney**: Most common fusion anomaly; usually the inferior poles are fused. • **Pancake (Discoid) kidney**: Both the superior and inferior poles of the kidneys are fused, forming a ring-like or disc-like mass. • **Sigmoid (S-shaped) kidney**: A type of crossed-fused ectopia where the superior pole of the ectopic kidney is fused with the inferior pole of the other kidney.

Flashcard 59: Esophageal webs typically arise from the _____ wall

Answer: anterior

Flashcard 60: Brachycephaly involves the premature fusion of _____ sutures

Answer: both coronal