UPSC-CMS 2016 - Pathology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: The ideal temperature to store the whole blood in blood-bank is

4°C. ***4°C*** - Whole blood is typically stored at **1 to 6°C**, with **4°C** being the optimal compromise to preserve red blood cell viability and minimize bacterial growth [1]. - This temperature range allows for a standard storage duration of **21 to 42 days**, depending on the anticoagulant-preservative solution used [1]. *-4°C* - Temperatures below freezing point (**0°C**) would cause **hemolysis** due to ice crystal formation within the red blood cells, making the blood unsuitable for transfusion. - While frozen storage is used for specific blood components (e.g., cryopreserved red blood cells or plasma), it requires different protocols and cryoprotectants. *8°C* - Storing whole blood at **8°C** is above the recommended range and would significantly decrease the storage time due to increased metabolic activity and **bacterial proliferation**. - This temperature also leads to a faster decline in **red blood cell viability** and function. *0°C* - Storing whole blood at **0°C** is at the freezing point of water and close to the freezing point of blood, which can lead to initial **ice crystal formation** and subsequent hemolysis. - Although it's within the recommended 1-6°C range, maintaining exactly 0°C without fluctuations into freezing territory is challenging and poses a risk to blood quality [1]. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Consider the following statements: Haemophilia A (haemophilia) and Haemophilia B (christmas disease) 1. are variants of the same disease process 2. are due to congenital deficiency of factor VIII and factor IX respectively 3. both are sex linked characteristics and transmitted by asymptomatic females 4. can occur both in males and females Select the correct answer using the code given below:

2 and 3. ***2 and 3*** - Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of **Factor VIII**, and Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of **Factor IX** [1]. These are distinct but clinically similar genetic disorders of the coagulation cascade. - Both hemophilia A and B are **X-linked recessive disorders**, meaning they predominantly affect males and are transmitted by asymptomatic female carriers [2]. *1, 2 and 4* - While both hemophilia A and B result in similar bleeding phenotypes, they are due to deficiencies in different **coagulation factors** (Factor VIII and Factor IX, respectively), making them distinct diseases, not variants of the same process [2]. - While hemophilia mainly affects males, a female can be affected if she inherits two affected X chromosomes (one from each parent) or has **Turner syndrome** (XO) with an affected X chromosome, but this is extremely rare. *2 only* - This option correctly identifies the specific factor deficiencies for Hemophilia A (**Factor VIII**) and Hemophilia B (**Factor IX**) [1]. - However, it omits the crucial aspect of their **sex-linked inheritance** and transmission by asymptomatic females, which is a fundamental characteristic of both conditions [2]. *3 only* - This option correctly states that both hemophilia A and B are **sex-linked characteristics** and are transmitted by **asymptomatic females** [2]. - However, it fails to mention the specific deficient factors (Factor VIII and Factor IX), which is key to understanding the underlying pathology of these two distinct disorders. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Presence of signet-ring cells in a cellular or myxomatous stroma is diagnostic of:

Krukenberg tumour. ***Krukenberg tumour*** - **Krukenberg tumours** are characterized by mucin-filled **signet-ring cells** within a fibrous or myxomatous stroma. [1] - They represent metastatic adenocarcinomas, commonly originating from the **gastrointestinal tract**, particularly the stomach. [1] *Gynandroblastoma* - This is a rare **sex cord-stromal tumour** of the ovary that contains both female **(granulosa/theca cells)** and male **(Sertoli/Leydig cells)** components. - It does not typically feature signet-ring cells. *Hilus cell tumour* - **Hilus cell tumours** are **Leydig cell tumours** found in the ovarian hilum, characterized by cells containing **Reinke crystals**. - These tumours are associated with **androgen production** and virilization, and do not contain signet-ring cells. *Struma ovarii* - **Struma ovarii** is a specialized form of **ovarian teratoma** in which **thyroid tissue** is the predominant component (more than 50%). - While it can be functional and cause hyperthyroidism, it is not characterized by the presence of signet-ring cells. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Gastrointestinal Tract, p. 779. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

Accepted Answer

A→4  B→1  C→2  D→3

Answer

A→3  B→2  C→1  D→4

Answer

A→3  B→1  C→2  D→4

Answer

A→4  B→2  C→1  D→3

Question 2

The ideal temperature to store the whole blood in blood-bank is

Accepted Answer

4°C

Answer

-4°C

Answer

8°C

Answer

0°C

Question 3

Consider the following statements: Haemophilia A (haemophilia) and Haemophilia B (christmas disease)

1. are variants of the same disease process
2. are due to congenital deficiency of factor VIII and factor IX respectively
3. both are sex linked characteristics and transmitted by asymptomatic females
4. can occur both in males and females

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2 only

Answer

3 only

Question 4

Presence of signet-ring cells in a cellular or myxomatous stroma is diagnostic of:

Accepted Answer

Krukenberg tumour

Answer

Gynandroblastoma

Answer

Hilus cell tumour

Answer

Struma ovarii

UPSC-CMS 2016 — Pathology