NEET-PG 2023 - Ophthalmology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Esotropia is commonly seen in which type of refractive error?

Hypermetropia. ***Hypermetropia*** - **Esotropia**, or convergent strabismus, is commonly associated with **uncorrected hypermetropia**, especially in children. - The constant effort to **accommodate** to see clearly for hypermetropic individuals can lead to excessive convergence, causing the eye to turn inward. *Myopia* - Myopia, or **nearsightedness**, rarely causes esotropia. - In some cases, high myopia can be associated with **exotropia** (divergent strabismus) due to reduced accommodative effort. *Astigmatism* - **Astigmatism** causes blurry vision at all distances due to an irregularly shaped cornea or lens, but it is not directly linked to specific forms of strabismus like esotropia or exotropia. - While it can contribute to **amblyopia** if severe and uncorrected, it does not typically cause the eyes to turn inward. *Presbyopia* - **Presbyopia** is an age-related loss of the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects due to stiffening of the lens. - It affects accommodation but does not cause strabismus such as esotropia; it typically begins around age 40. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the dye and filter used to diagnose corneal ulcers?

Fluorescein dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter. ***Fluorescein dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter*** - **Fluorescein dye** is applied to the eye, and it stains areas of **epithelial defects**, such as those found in corneal ulcers, appearing bright green. - The **cobalt blue filter** enhances the visibility and fluorescence of the stained areas, making corneal ulcers clearly discernible. *Lissamine green dye - visualized under green filter* - **Lissamine green** is used to identify **devitalized cells** and **mucous filaments** on the ocular surface, rather than primary corneal epithelial defects. - It is visualized under **white light or red-free filter**, not a green filter, and is less suitable for diagnosing corneal ulcers directly. *Lissamine blue dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter* - This option refers to a non-existent dye combination for routine corneal ulcer diagnosis. **Lissamine blue** is not a standard ophthalmic dye for this purpose. - While a cobalt blue filter is used with fluorescein, it is not paired with a "Lissamine blue dye." *Fluorescein dye - visualized under green filter* - **Fluorescein dye** is indeed the correct dye for diagnosing corneal ulcers by staining epithelial defects. - However, it is visualized under a **cobalt blue filter**, not a green filter, to maximize fluorescence and contrast. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following ocular findings is not associated with diabetes?

Blepharophimosis. ***Blepharophimosis*** - This is a **congenital disorder** characterized by small palpebral fissures, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus, which is **not associated with diabetes**. - It is a **developmental anomaly** of the eyelids, with no known link to metabolic conditions like diabetes. *Retinopathy* - **Diabetic retinopathy** is a common and serious complication of diabetes, caused by damage to the blood vessels in the retina. - It can lead to vision loss if not managed, and is directly linked to **poor glycemic control**. *Early senile cataract* - Diabetes is a significant risk factor for the **earlier development and progression of cataracts**, including senile cataracts. - High blood sugar levels can cause changes in the lens, leading to **opacification** and impaired vision. *Neovascular glaucoma* - This severe form of **secondary glaucoma** is often a complication of advanced **diabetic retinopathy**. - Ischemia in the retina triggers the growth of **new blood vessels** on the iris and in the angle of the eye, obstructing aqueous outflow and raising intraocular pressure. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In a child presenting unilateral watering and photophobia which of the following is the least likely disorder?

Congenital NLDO. **Congenital NLDO** - **Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO)** typically presents with **unilateral watering** (epiphora) due to blockage of tear drainage. - While it causes watering, **photophobia** is not a characteristic symptom of isolated NLDO, making it less likely given the combined presentation. *Congenital entropion* - **Congenital entropion** involves the inward turning of the eyelid margin, causing eyelashes to rub against the cornea. - This irritation can lead to **unilateral watering** and **photophobia** due to corneal abrasion and discomfort. *Congenital glaucoma* - **Congenital glaucoma** is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, which can cause corneal edema and stretching. - These changes commonly result in **unilateral watering** (epiphora) and marked **photophobia**, often accompanied by **buphthalmos** (enlarged eye). *Congenital dacryocystitis* - **Congenital dacryocystitis** is an infection of the lacrimal sac, often secondary to NLDO. - It presents with **unilateral watering**, discharge, and inflammation of the lacrimal sac, and the associated irritation can induce **photophobia**. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Esotropia is commonly seen in which type of refractive error?

Accepted Answer

Hypermetropia

Answer

Myopia

Answer

Astigmatism

Answer

Presbyopia

Question 2

What is the dye and filter used to diagnose corneal ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescein dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter

Answer

Lissamine green dye - visualized under green filter

Answer

Lissamine blue dye - visualized under cobalt blue filter

Answer

Fluorescein dye - visualized under green filter

Question 3

Which of the following ocular findings is not associated with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Blepharophimosis

Answer

Retinopathy

Answer

Early senile cataract

Answer

Neovascular glaucoma

Question 4

In a child presenting unilateral watering and photophobia which of the following is the least likely disorder?

Accepted Answer

Congenital NLDO

Answer

Congenital entropion

Answer

Congenital glaucoma

Answer

Congenital dacryocystitis

NEET-PG 2023 — Ophthalmology