NEET-PG 2023 Previous Year Questions Practice Questions

Q: A 50-year-old HIV-positive patient presents with a painless, purple lesion on the skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Kaposi's sarcoma. ***Kaposi's sarcoma*** - The presentation of **painless, purple skin lesions** in an **HIV-positive patient** is highly characteristic of Kaposi's sarcoma. - This is a vascular tumor caused by **Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)**, often seen in immunocompromised individuals. *Malignant melanoma* - Malignant melanoma typically presents as a **dark, irregularly shaped lesion** with varying colors and often exhibits change in size, shape, or color over time (**ABCDEs of melanoma**). - While it can be purple or dark, the multiple, widespread nature and association with HIV points away from typical melanoma. *Squamous cell carcinoma* - Squamous cell carcinoma usually presents as a **red, scaly patch, nodule, or an open sore** that doesn't heal, often found in sun-exposed areas. - It is not typically described as a painless purple lesion, and while HIV patients have increased risk, the lesion morphology is more consistent with Kaposi's. *Basal cell carcinoma* - Basal cell carcinoma commonly appears as a **pearly or waxy bump**, a **flat, flesh-colored lesion**, or a **brown, scar-like lesion**, often with a rolled border and telangiectasias. - Unlike the description, it is not typically purple and painless, and while common, the clinical picture with HIV is not classic for BCC. [Practice more NEET-PG 2023 questions on OnCourse]

Q: In which of the following conditions is neoadjuvant chemotherapy not typically used?

Thyroid cancer. ***Thyroid cancer*** - **Neoadjuvant chemotherapy** is generally **not used** for the treatment of thyroid cancer, as it is primarily managed with surgery, radioactive iodine, and thyroid hormone suppression [1]. - Most thyroid cancers, especially differentiated types like **papillary** and **follicular carcinoma**, are not highly sensitive to conventional chemotherapy [1]. *Breast cancer* - **Neoadjuvant chemotherapy** is a common approach in **locally advanced breast cancer** to downstage tumors, improve surgical outcomes, and assess treatment response. - It may also be used in cases of **inflammatory** or certain aggressive subtypes like **triple-negative** breast cancer. *Esophageal cancer* - **Neoadjuvant chemotherapy**, often combined with **radiation** (chemoradiotherapy), is a standard treatment for **locally advanced esophageal cancer**. - Its purpose is to **downstage** the tumor, reduce invasiveness, and improve surgical resectability and survival rates. *Lung cancer* - **Neoadjuvant chemotherapy** is frequently employed for **locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer** (NSCLC) to reduce tumor size and extent before surgical resection. - This approach aims to improve the likelihood of a complete surgical removal and overall prognosis. [Practice more NEET-PG 2023 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is a potential complication of blood transfusion?

Hyperkalemia. ***Hyperkalemia*** - Stored red blood cells can release **intracellular potassium** into the storage solution, leading to elevated potassium levels in transfused blood. - Rapid or massive transfusions deliver a significant potassium load, potentially causing **cardiac arrhythmias**. *Hyponatremia* - This is generally not a direct complication of blood transfusions; instead, blood products themselves contain electrolytes, and massive transfusion can disrupt electrolyte balance, but usually not to cause hyponatremia. - Volume overload from transfusion could dilute existing electrolytes, but most commonly, other electrolyte imbalances such as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia occur. *Hypercalcemia* - Often, the opposite, **hypocalcemia**, is a complication of massive transfusion due to **citrate toxicity**. - Citrate, an anticoagulant in transfused blood, chelates calcium, reducing free calcium levels in the recipient. *Increased serum albumin* - Blood transfusions primarily administer **red blood cells**, plasma, or platelets, not typically albumin in amounts that would significantly increase serum albumin levels in the absence of an albumin-specific infusion [1]. - Low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) is a common finding in critically ill patients, and a blood transfusion usually doesn't correct this unless plasma or albumin is specifically administered [1]. [Practice more NEET-PG 2023 questions on OnCourse]

Q: A primary structural defect of an organ resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process is termed as:

Malformation. ***Malformation*** - Refers to a **primary structural defect** present at birth, arising during development, leading to abnormal organ structure. - Typically involves intrinsic factors and can affect any organ or system, making it a key category of congenital anomalies. *Association* - Describes a **non-random occurrence** of two or more anomalies but does not indicate a structural defect of a specific organ. - Does not imply a direct defect, as it can occur without an **underlying structural issue** in a particular organ. *Deformation* - Refers to a change in the **shape or structure** of a normally formed organ or body part due to an external force rather than an intrinsic defect [1]. - Examples include clubfoot or positional plagiocephaly, which are not classified as malformations [1]. *Disruption* - Involves the breakdown of an originally normal tissue or organ due to extrinsic factors, leading to secondary structural defects. - Not inherent to the embryological development process itself, differentiating it from intrinsic faults like malformations. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, pp. 460-462. [Practice more NEET-PG 2023 questions on OnCourse]

Question 1

What embryological failure leads to the formation of a double aortic arch?

Accepted Answer

Failure of regression of the right dorsal aorta

Answer

Failure of neural crest cell migration

Answer

Abnormal development of the ductus arteriosus

Answer

Failure of the 6th aortic arch to develop

Question 2

A 50-year-old HIV-positive patient presents with a painless, purple lesion on the skin. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Kaposi's sarcoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Malignant melanoma

Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 3

In which of the following conditions is neoadjuvant chemotherapy not typically used?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid cancer

Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Esophageal cancer

Answer

Lung cancer

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential complication of blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Increased serum albumin

Question 5

A primary structural defect of an organ resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process is termed as:

Accepted Answer

Malformation

Answer

Disruption

Answer

Deformation

Answer

Association

Question 6

A five-year-old girl is brought to a pediatrician because she is developing breasts. Physical examination shows large hyperpigmented macules with irregular margins on one side of her back. Which of the following bony abnormalities would most likely be associated with these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Multiple localized whorls of connective tissue

Answer

Excessive bony deposition with obliteration of marrow

Answer

A combination of osteitis fibrosa cystica and osteomalacia

Answer

A generalized thinning of bony spicules

Question 7

A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration due to diarrhea. What is the initial management for severe dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Oral rehydration therapy

Answer

Antidiarrheal medication

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 8

Claviceps purpurea produces which of the following toxins?

Accepted Answer

Ergot alkaloids

Answer

Aflatoxins

Answer

Sanguinarine alkaloid

Answer

Pyrazolidone drug

Question 9

Which substance has the least renal clearance?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Inulin

Answer

Urea

Answer

Creatinine

Question 10

Following occurs in living cells only:

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Simple diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

NEET-PG 2023

Anatomy

Internal Medicine

Pathology

Pediatrics

Pharmacology

Physiology