NEET-PG 2013 - Community Medicine Practice Questions

Q: In tuberculosis, a 'case' is

Sputum positive. ***Sputum positive*** - In the context of **tuberculosis (TB)**, a 'case' is defined by **bacteriological confirmation**, most commonly through **sputum smear positivity** for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). - According to **RNTCP (Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme)** guidelines, a sputum smear-positive case is one with at least **two sputum specimens positive for AFB**, or one sputum specimen positive for AFB plus radiographic abnormalities consistent with active pulmonary TB. - A positive sputum smear confirms the presence of **Mycobacterium tuberculosis** in the respiratory tract, indicating active, transmissible infection requiring immediate treatment. *Cough* - **Cough** is a common symptom of tuberculosis but is not sufficient on its own to define a 'case'. - Many respiratory conditions can cause a cough, and it does not confirm the presence of **Mycobacterium tuberculosis** or infectiousness. - Cough lasting more than 2-3 weeks is a screening criterion for TB suspects, not a case definition. *X-ray positive* - A **positive chest X-ray** can show abnormalities consistent with tuberculosis, such as infiltrates, cavities, or hilar lymphadenopathy. - However, radiological findings alone do not definitively confirm a TB diagnosis, as many other conditions can mimic TB on chest X-ray. - Chest X-ray is used for **clinically diagnosed TB cases** when bacteriological confirmation is not possible, but it does not establish active infectivity without microbiological confirmation. *Mantoux positive* - A **positive Mantoux test** (tuberculin skin test) indicates exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the presence of a cell-mediated immune response. - It signifies **latent TB infection (LTBI)** but does not indicate active, infectious disease. - Many people with positive Mantoux tests never develop active TB and are not considered 'cases'.

Q: Schedule-3 of MCI includes –

Diploma of CPS. ***Diploma of CPS*** - Schedule-3 of the Indian Medical Council Act primarily lists **recognized medical qualifications granted by institutions outside India**, as well as certain specialized diplomas like the **Diploma of College of Physicians and Surgeons (CPS)**. - The inclusion of the Diploma of CPS in Schedule-3 allows its holders to be registered as medical practitioners in India for specific purposes. *DNB degree* - The **Diplomate of National Board (DNB)** is a postgraduate medical qualification awarded by the National Board of Examinations (NBE) in India. - DNB degrees are typically listed under **Schedule-1** or **Schedule-2** of the Indian Medical Council Act, not Schedule-3, as they are granted by an Indian authority. *MBBS degree of Indian universities* - **MBBS degrees awarded by universities in India** are recognized under **Schedule-1** of the Indian Medical Council Act. - Schedule-1 specifically lists all medical qualifications granted by universities or medical institutions in India. *MBBS degree of foreign universities* - While MBBS degrees from foreign universities are recognized, their recognition is usually governed by **Schedule-2** of the Indian Medical Council Act, which lists medical qualifications granted by institutions outside India and recognized by the Indian Medical Council after fulfilling certain conditions. - Schedule-3 primarily includes a different set of foreign or specialized qualifications, not the general MBBS degree from foreign universities.

Q: Objectives of National Mental Health programme are all except -

Provide free antipsychotic drugs to all. ***Provide free antipsychotic drugs to all*** - While ensuring access to essential medicines is important, the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) does not explicitly guarantee **free antipsychotic drugs to all** individuals, as the scope of provision can depend on various factors like specific conditions, and availability of resources. - The primary objectives are broader and focus on overall mental health care delivery and promotion, rather than a universal provision of specific medications, especially when the need for such drugs may not apply to "all" individuals in the population. *Provide accessibility of mental health care* - A core objective of the NMHP is to make **mental health care accessible** to all individuals, particularly in rural and underserved areas. - This involves establishing services at primary, secondary, and tertiary care levels. *Promote community participation* - The NMHP aims to foster **community involvement** in mental health awareness, destigmatization, and support for individuals with mental illness. - This includes engaging communities in prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation efforts. *Promote application of mental health knowledge* - A key goal is to enhance the **understanding and application of mental health knowledge** among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the general public. - This objective supports evidence-based practices and informed decision-making in mental health care.

Q: A child is obese if he/she has weight-for-height according to growth chart standards -

2 SD from median weight for height. ***2 SD from median weight for height*** - According to **WHO growth chart standards**, a child is considered **obese** if their weight-for-height measurement is **≥ +2 standard deviations (SD)** above the median. - This cutoff (weight-for-height Z-score ≥ +2 SD) signifies a high degree of adiposity relative to height, indicating significant risk of obesity-related health issues. - Alternatively, **BMI-for-age ≥ +2 SD** can also be used to define childhood obesity. *1 SD from median weight for height* - A weight-for-height between **+1 SD and +2 SD** above the median typically indicates **overweight** (at risk of obesity), but not yet obesity, according to WHO growth standards. - While concerning and requiring monitoring, it does not meet the criteria for obesity. *3 SD from median weight for height* - A weight-for-height of **≥ +3 SD** above the median is classified as **severe obesity** or **severe acute malnutrition** (if severely underweight). - This represents an even more extreme level of adiposity than the standard definition of obesity. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because **≥ +2 SD from the median weight for height** is the internationally recognized WHO threshold for classifying obesity in children based on growth charts.

Question 1

In tuberculosis, a 'case' is

Accepted Answer

Sputum positive

Answer

Cough

Answer

X-ray positive

Answer

Mantoux positive

Question 2

Schedule-3 of MCI includes –

Accepted Answer

Diploma of CPS

Answer

DNB degree

Answer

MBBS degree of Indian universities

Answer

MBBS degree of foreign universities

Question 3

Objectives of National Mental Health programme are all except -

Accepted Answer

Provide free antipsychotic drugs to all

Answer

Promote application of mental health knowledge

Answer

Promote community participation

Answer

Provide accessibility of mental health care

Question 4

A child is obese if he/she has weight-for-height according to growth chart standards -

Accepted Answer

2 SD from median weight for height

Answer

1 SD from median weight for height

Answer

3 SD from median weight for height

Answer

None of the options

NEET-PG 2013 — Community Medicine