INI-CET 2024 - Psychiatry PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Rapid cycling is characterized by all of the following except?

Occurs commonly in men. ***A. Occurs commonly in men*** - **Rapid cycling** is more common in **women** (approximately 70-90% of rapid cyclers are female) and is associated with comorbid conditions like **hypothyroidism**. - This is the **EXCEPT** answer because rapid cycling does NOT commonly occur in men—it predominantly affects women. *B. Commonly associated with concomitant hypothyroidism* - **Hypothyroidism** is a frequently noted comorbidity in individuals with **rapid-cycling bipolar disorder** (seen in 20-30% of cases). - Thyroid dysfunction can affect mood regulation and contribute to the instability characteristic of rapid cycling. - This IS a true characteristic of rapid cycling. *C. Antidepressants increase likelihood* - **Antidepressants** can sometimes **induce or worsen rapid cycling** in individuals with bipolar disorder, especially when used without a mood stabilizer. - This is why great care is taken when prescribing antidepressants in bipolar disorder to monitor for mood shifts. - This IS a true characteristic of rapid cycling. *D. At least 4 distinct episodes per year* - This is the **DSM-5 diagnostic criterion** for rapid cycling, meaning an individual experiences four or more mood episodes (depressive, manic, mixed, or hypomanic) within a 12-month period. - These episodes must be distinct and separated by either a full remission or a switch to an episode of opposite polarity. - This IS a true characteristic of rapid cycling. [Practice more Psychiatry PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is the core component of Beck's cognitive theory of depression?

C. Dysfunctional belief. ***Dysfunctional belief*** - **Dysfunctional beliefs**, or **core beliefs**, are the central component of Beck's cognitive theory, acting as underlying assumptions that shape an individual's interpretation of events. - These deep-seated beliefs are often rigid, extreme, and influence the development of maladaptive thoughts and behaviors in depression. *Cognitive distortions* - **Cognitive distortions** are systematic errors in thinking that arise from dysfunctional beliefs but are not the fundamental cause themselves. - They are the *patterned ways* in which individuals misconstrue reality, such as **catastrophizing** or **all-or-nothing thinking**. *Automated thoughts* - **Automatic thoughts** are spontaneous, fleeting thoughts that occur in response to specific situations. - While they are a key symptom and target of therapy in Beck's model, they stem from underlying dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive distortions, rather than being the core component. *Introjection* - **Introjection** is a psychoanalytic concept referring to the unconscious absorption of attitudes, ideas, and behaviors from external sources into one's own personality. - This concept is primarily associated with **psychodynamic theories** and is not part of Beck's cognitive model of depression. [Practice more Psychiatry PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: mhGAP program includes all of the following disorders except?

Personality Disorders. ***Personality Disorders*** - The **mhGAP program** (Mental Health Gap Action Programme) focuses on scaling up services for common, severe mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries. - **Personality disorders** are generally not included in the core conditions addressed by the mhGAP program due to their complex and chronic nature, requiring specialized and long-term management that may be beyond the scope of primary care settings targeted by mhGAP. *Schizophrenia* - **Schizophrenia** is one of the priority conditions addressed by the mhGAP program, recognizing its severity and significant impact on individuals and communities. - The program provides guidelines for the recognition, management, and long-term care of schizophrenia at the primary healthcare level. *Depression* - **Depression** is a core focus of the mhGAP program, given its high prevalence and treatability in primary care settings. - mhGAP provides clear guidelines for the identification, basic management, and follow-up of individuals with depression. *Childhood mental disorder* - **Childhood mental disorders**, such as conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and developmental disabilities, are also included as priority conditions within the mhGAP program. - The program aims to improve the detection and basic management of these conditions in children and adolescents, promoting early intervention. [Practice more Psychiatry PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is not associated with Korsakoff psychosis?

Ophthalmoplegia. ***Ophthalmoplegia*** - **Ophthalmoplegia** is a key feature of **Wernicke encephalopathy**, the acute phase preceding Korsakoff psychosis, but is not directly a symptom of Korsakoff psychosis itself. - While both conditions are linked to thiamine deficiency, **Korsakoff psychosis** primarily manifests as chronic memory deficits. *Amnesia* - **Anterograde amnesia** (inability to form new memories) and **retrograde amnesia** (loss of past memories) are defining characteristics of Korsakoff psychosis. - This severe memory impairment is a result of damage to areas like the **mammillary bodies** and **thalamus**. *Confabulation* - **Confabulation**, the fabrication of distorted or misinterpreted memories without an intention to deceive, is a common symptom in patients with Korsakoff psychosis. - This occurs as patients attempt to fill in gaps in their memory loss, often believing their own stories. *Polyneuropathy* - **Polyneuropathy**, nerve damage affecting multiple peripheral nerves, causing symptoms like pain, numbness, and muscle weakness, is associated with chronic **alcoholism** and **thiamine deficiency**. - While not a direct psychological symptom, it is frequently seen in the same patient population that develops Korsakoff psychosis due to shared etiology. [Practice more Psychiatry PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following is a CORE diagnostic criterion of autistic spectrum disorder according to DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Impaired communication

Answer

Impaired imagination

Answer

Language developmental delay

Answer

Vision problems

Question 2

Rapid cycling is characterized by all of the following except?

Accepted Answer

Occurs commonly in men

Answer

Commonly associated with concomitant hypothyroidism

Answer

Antidepressants increase likelihood

Answer

At least 4 distinct episodes per year

Question 3

Which of the following is the core component of Beck's cognitive theory of depression?

Accepted Answer

C. Dysfunctional belief

Answer

A. Cognitive distortions

Answer

B. Automatic thoughts

Answer

D. Introjection

Question 4

mhGAP program includes all of the following disorders except?

Accepted Answer

Personality Disorders

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Depression

Answer

Childhood mental disorder

Question 5

Which of the following is not associated with Korsakoff psychosis?

Accepted Answer

Ophthalmoplegia

Answer

Amnesia

Answer

Confabulation

Answer

Polyneuropathy

Question 6

In which of the following patients would supportive therapy be most challenging to implement effectively?

Accepted Answer

Patient who is severely ill and uncooperative

Answer

Patient who is severely ill and has significant ego dysfunction

Answer

Person who is motivated and has good self-control

Answer

Person with good cognitive and functional abilities

Question 7

Which of the following is not a paraphilia?

Accepted Answer

Adultery

Answer

Necrophilia

Answer

Fetishism

Answer

Paedophilia

INI-CET 2024 — Psychiatry