INI-CET 2022 - Ophthalmology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which triad is seen after an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma?

Vogt's triad. ***Vogt's triad*** - **Vogt's triad** refers to the classical findings seen after an acute attack of **angle-closure glaucoma**. - The triad consists of: **glaukomflecken** (anterior subcapsular lens opacities from ischemic necrosis of lens epithelium), **iris stromal atrophy** (sectoral iris atrophy in the area of ischemia), and **fixed mid-dilated pupil** (due to iris sphincter damage). - These signs indicate **ischemic damage** to the anterior segment following the acute episode of elevated intraocular pressure. *Gaucher triad* - **Gaucher triad** refers to the characteristic systemic symptoms of **Gaucher disease**, an inherited lipid storage disorder. - It involves **hepatosplenomegaly**, **bone pain**, and **thrombocytopenia**, which are unrelated to glaucoma. *Virchow triad* - The **Virchow triad** describes the three main factors contributing to **thrombus formation**: **stasis** of blood flow, **endothelial injury**, and **hypercoagulability**. - This triad is relevant to cardiovascular pathology, not the effects of angle-closure glaucoma. *Hutchinson's triad* - **Hutchinson's triad** is a set of symptoms associated with **congenital syphilis**. - It includes **interstitial keratitis**, **Hutchinson's teeth**, and **eighth nerve deafness**, which are entirely distinct from ocular hypertension. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is not a feature of keratoconus?

Haab's striae. ***Haab's striae*** - **Haab's striae** are characteristic of congenital glaucoma, presenting as horizontal breaks in Descemet's membrane due to increased intraocular pressure and corneal stretching. - In contrast, keratoconus involves **vertical breaks in Descemet's membrane** (due to corneal thinning and protrusion), known as Vautin's striae or Vogt's striae, not Haab's striae. *Irregular astigmatism* - **Irregular astigmatism** is a hallmark of keratoconus, resulting from the asymmetric and non-uniform thinning and protrusion of the cornea. - This irregular corneal shape leads to a significant reduction in visual acuity that cannot be fully corrected with spherical or regular cylindrical lenses. *Scissoring reflex* - The **scissoring reflex** (or scissoring phenomena) is an objective finding observed during retinoscopy in patients with keratoconus, indicating significant irregular astigmatism. - It refers to the opposing movements of the retinoscopic reflex, resembling the opening and closing of scissors, as the light across the pupil is neutralized. *Munson's sign* - **Munson's sign** is a classic clinical finding in advanced keratoconus, where the lower eyelid protrudes in a V-shape when the patient looks downwards. - This protrusion is caused by the conical shape of the cornea pushing against the eyelid. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which triad is seen after an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma?

Accepted Answer

Vogt's triad

Answer

Gaucher triad

Answer

Virchow triad

Answer

Hutchinson's triad

Question 2

A 27-year-old female patient presents with sudden diminishing vision associated with a relative afferent pupillary defect in the right eye. On examination, the left eye is normal.

Which of the following combinations of investigations would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

MRI brain and orbits + Visual evoked potentials + Blood tests

Answer

MRI brain and orbits + Visual evoked potentials

Answer

Visual evoked potentials + Blood tests

Answer

MRI brain and orbits + Blood tests

Question 3

Which of the following is not a feature of keratoconus?

Accepted Answer

Haab's striae

Answer

Irregular astigmatism

Answer

Scissoring reflex

Answer

Munson's sign

INI-CET 2022 — Ophthalmology