INI-CET 2022 Previous Year Questions Practice Questions

Q: Match the following molecules with their carriers in plasma: MOLECULES: 1. Thyroxine 2. Fatty acid 3. Hemoglobin 4. Heme CARRIERS: A. Hemopexin B. Prealbumin C. Albumin D. Haptoglobin

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A. ***1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A*** - **Thyroxine** is primarily transported by **prealbumin (transthyretin)**, which has high affinity for thyroid hormones and prevents their rapid clearance. - **Fatty acids** bind to **albumin** at multiple binding sites, allowing efficient transport of these hydrophobic molecules in plasma. - **Hemoglobin** released from lysed red blood cells is bound by **haptoglobin** to prevent renal loss and iron wastage. - **Heme** groups are specifically transported by **hemopexin**, which has the highest binding affinity for heme among plasma proteins. *1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D* - Incorrectly pairs **hemoglobin** with hemopexin; hemoglobin binds to **haptoglobin** to form stable complexes. - Incorrectly pairs **heme** with haptoglobin; free heme has highest affinity for **hemopexin**, not haptoglobin. *1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D* - Incorrectly pairs **thyroxine** with hemopexin; thyroxine is primarily carried by **prealbumin** and thyroxine-binding globulin. - Incorrectly pairs **fatty acids** with prealbumin; fatty acids bind predominantly to **albumin** due to its multiple hydrophobic binding sites. *1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C* - Incorrectly pairs **heme** with albumin; while albumin can bind heme weakly, **hemopexin** is the specific high-affinity carrier. - Incorrectly pairs **hemoglobin** with prealbumin; free hemoglobin forms specific complexes with **haptoglobin** for recycling. [Practice more INI-CET 2022 questions on OnCourse]

Q: What does the given ECG show?

P-pulmonale. ***P-pulmonale*** - The ECG shows tall, peaked **P waves** with an amplitude of more than **2.5 mm in lead II**, which is characteristic of P-pulmonale. - P-pulmonale indicates **right atrial enlargement or hypertrophy**, often due to conditions like severe lung disease (e.g., COPD) or pulmonary hypertension. *Improper calibration* - Improper calibration would typically affect the amplitude of all ECG complexes globally or specific leads consistently, which is not the primary finding here. - The calibration mark (first beat in lead I) appears normal, indicating standard calibration (10mm/mV). *Electrical alternans* - **Electrical alternans** is characterized by beat-to-beat variation in the QRS complex amplitude, which is not visible in this ECG. - It is commonly associated with **pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade**. *Ventricular bigeminy* - **Ventricular bigeminy** is a pattern where every normal sinus beat is followed by a premature ventricular contraction (PVC). - This ECG shows a regular rhythm with consistent P-QRS-T morphology, without alternating normal and PVC beats. [Practice more INI-CET 2022 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements are true about familial adenomatous polyposis? 1. It is autosomal recessive 2. If not treated, 100% of the cases progress to adenocarcinoma colon. 3. It is associated with a gene mutation in KRAS 4. It is associated with congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium.

2 and 4. ***2 and 4*** - Without treatment, **familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)** leads to colorectal **adenocarcinoma** in 100% of cases, due to the accumulation of numerous adenomatous polyps throughout the colon. - FAP is strongly associated with **congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE)**, which can be an early diagnostic marker [1]. *None of the options* - This statement is incorrect because FAP does indeed involve the progression to adenocarcinoma and is associated with CHRPE. - The combination of these two true statements makes this option invalid. *1 and 4* - FAP is inherited in an **autosomal dominant** manner, not autosomal recessive [1]. - While statement 4 (association with CHRPE) is true, statement 1 being false makes this option incorrect. *2 and 3* - Although statement 2 (100% progression to adenocarcinoma) is true, statement 3 is incorrect. - FAP is primarily caused by mutations in the **APC gene**, not the KRAS gene [1]. KRAS is more commonly associated with sporadic colorectal cancer progression rather than FAP. [Practice more INI-CET 2022 questions on OnCourse]

Q: Match the following drugs in Column A with their contraindications in Column B. | Column A | Column B | | :-- | :-- | | 1. Morphine | 1. QT prolongation | | 2. Amiodarone | 2. Thromboembolism | | 3. Vigabatrin | 3. Pregnancy | | 4. Estrogen preparations | 4. Head injury |

A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2. ***A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2*** - **Morphine** is contraindicated in **head injury** as it can increase intracranial pressure and mask neurological symptoms. - **Amiodarone** is contraindicated in patients with **QT prolongation** due to its risk of inducing more severe arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes. - **Vigabatrin** is contraindicated during **pregnancy** due to its potential for teratogenicity and adverse effects on fetal development. - **Estrogen preparations** are contraindicated in patients with a history of **thromboembolism** due to their increased risk of blood clot formation. *A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4* - This option incorrectly matches **Morphine** with QT prolongation and **Estrogen preparations** with head injury, which are not their primary contraindications. - It also incorrectly links **Vigabatrin** with thromboembolism and **Amiodarone** with pregnancy. *A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1* - This choice incorrectly associates **Morphine** with pregnancy and **Vigabatrin** with head injury, which are not the most critical or direct contraindications. - It also misaligns **Amiodarone** with thromboembolism and **Estrogen preparations** with QT prolongation. *A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3* - This option incorrectly matches **Morphine** with thromboembolism and **Amiodarone** with head injury, which are not their most significant contraindications. - It also incorrectly links **Vigabatrin** with QT prolongation and **Estrogen preparations** with pregnancy. [Practice more INI-CET 2022 questions on OnCourse]

Question 1

Match the following molecules with their carriers in plasma:

MOLECULES:
1. Thyroxine
2. Fatty acid
3. Hemoglobin
4. Heme

CARRIERS:
A. Hemopexin
B. Prealbumin
C. Albumin
D. Haptoglobin

Accepted Answer

1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

Answer

1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D

Answer

1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D

Answer

1-A, 2-D, 3-B, 4-C

Question 2

What does the given ECG show?

Accepted Answer

P-pulmonale

Answer

Improper calibration

Answer

Electrical alternans

Answer

Ventricular bigeminy

Question 3

Which of the following statements are true about familial adenomatous polyposis?

1. It is autosomal recessive
2. If not treated, 100% of the cases progress to adenocarcinoma colon.
3. It is associated with a gene mutation in KRAS
4. It is associated with congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium.

Accepted Answer

2 and 4

Answer

None of the options

Answer

1 and 4

Answer

2 and 3

Question 4

A male patient with hemoptysis. On examination, hilar mass was present. The histopathological image is shown below. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells were positive for p40. What is the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Adenocarcinoma lung

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Question 5

Match the following drugs in Column A with their contraindications in Column B.

Accepted Answer

A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

Answer

A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

Answer

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

Answer

A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

Question 6

Which among the following is the false statement regarding statins?

Accepted Answer

They can be given with verapamil and other enzyme inhibitors

Answer

These drugs should not be stopped even in severe conditions like injury, surgery etc.

Answer

Although HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors substantially reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, there is mild increase in lipoprotein a (Lpa) levels.

Answer

With the long term use, there is slight increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Question 7

Choose the correctly matched pairs regarding the drugs used in schizophrenia:

1. D2 antagonism: Reduces positive symptoms
2. 5HT2A antagonism: Reduces negative symptoms
3. 5HT1A agonism: Weight loss
4. Muscarinic antagonism: Reduces extrapyramidal symptoms

Accepted Answer

1,2

Answer

1,4

Answer

1,2,4

Answer

1,2,3,4

Question 8

Which physiological adaptation does not happen at high altitudes?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory acidosis

Answer

Pulmonary vasoconstriction

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Polycythemia

Question 9

The countercurrent mechanism is present in which of the following parts of the body?
A. Eye
B. Testes
C. Kidney
D. Gut
E. Lungs

Accepted Answer

B and C are correct

Answer

A, B, C, D, E are correct

Answer

B, C, D, E are correct

Answer

A, B, C are correct

Question 10

What does zero pressure indicate in the pressure-volume curve?

Accepted Answer

Functional residual capacity

Answer

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Residual volume

INI-CET 2022

Biochemistry

Internal Medicine

Pathology

Pharmacology

Physiology