INI-CET 2017 - Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Identify the instrument used: (AIIMS Nov 2017)

Episiotomy scissors. ***Episiotomy scissors*** - These scissors are characterized by their **blunt, angled tip** on one blade, which is designed to protect the fetal head during an episiotomy. - The image clearly shows this specific design, making them ideal for cutting soft tissues in a controlled manner without puncturing underlying structures. *Dissection scissors* - Dissection scissors typically have **sharp tips**, either straight or curved, and are used for cutting and separating tissues with precision. - They lack the blunt, angled tip characteristic of episiotomy scissors. *Mayo scissors* - **Mayo scissors** are heavy-duty scissors, typically used for cutting **fascia, sutures, and dense tissues**. - They often have straight or slightly curved blades without the protective blunt tip seen in episiotomy scissors. *Metzenbaum scissors* - **Metzenbaum scissors** are known for their **long handles and relatively short, delicate blades**, designed for cutting and dissecting fine, delicate tissues. - Their blades are typically slender and do not feature the angled, blunt tip of episiotomy scissors. [Practice more Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following Leopold's grip is shown in the image?

Pawlik grip. ***Pawlik grip*** - The image shows a hand gripping the lower uterine segment just above the symphysis pubis, which is characteristic of the **Pawlik grip** (Third Leopold's maneuver). - This maneuver aims to determine the **descent and engagement** of the fetal presenting part, typically the head. - The examiner grasps the presenting part between the thumb and fingers of one hand. *Fundal grip* - This is the **first Leopold's maneuver** where both hands palpate the fundus to identify which fetal pole (head or breech) occupies the fundus. - Not shown in the image. *Umbilical grip* - This is the **second Leopold's maneuver** where the examiner's hands are placed on either side of the abdomen to locate the fetal back and small parts. - Not shown in the image. *Pelvic grip* - This is the **fourth Leopold's maneuver** where the examiner faces the patient's feet and palpates with fingertips to determine the degree of descent and position of the presenting part. - Different from Pawlik grip as it involves facing the patient's feet and using both hands. [Practice more Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A pregnant lady was admitted with diagnosis of PIH for monitoring and bed rest. When lying in supine position, which of the following complications is depicted in the image below?

Supine venocaval syndrome. ***Supine venocaval syndrome*** - The image depicts a pregnant woman lying in a **supine position**, where the **gravid uterus** compresses the **inferior vena cava (IVC)** and potentially the aorta against the vertebral column. - This compression of the IVC leads to reduced venous return to the heart, causing a drop in cardiac output and blood pressure, known as **supine venocaval syndrome** or **aortocaval compression syndrome**. *Abdominal aorta syndrome* - While the aorta can also be compressed in the supine position by the gravid uterus, symptoms primarily arise from **venous compression (IVC)** due to its lower pressure, which is more easily obstructed. - Significant symptoms solely from **aortic compression** are less common than those from IVC compression. *Ascending aorta syndrome* - The **ascending aorta** is located in the chest, not in the abdomen, and would not be compressed by the gravid uterus. - This condition generally refers to issues like ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection, unrelated to uterine compression. *Superior vena cava syndrome* - **Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome** results from obstruction of the SVC, typically by **mediastinal tumors** or **thrombosis**. - The SVC is in the upper chest and is not affected by the gravid uterus in a supine position. [Practice more Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Identify the instrument used: (AIIMS Nov 2017)

Accepted Answer

Episiotomy scissors

Answer

Dissection scissors

Answer

Mayo scissors

Answer

Metzenbaum scissors

Question 2

Which of the following Leopold's grip is shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Pawlik grip

Answer

Fundal grip

Answer

Umbilical grip

Answer

Pelvic grip

Question 3

A pregnant lady was admitted with diagnosis of PIH for monitoring and bed rest. When lying in supine position, which of the following complications is depicted in the image below?

Accepted Answer

Supine venocaval syndrome

Answer

Abdominal aorta syndrome

Answer

Ascending aorta syndrome

Answer

Superior vena cava syndrome

INI-CET 2017 — Obstetrics and Gynecology