FMGE 2022 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: The major contributor to the demographic burden is

Increased old age dependency ratio. ***Increased old age dependency ratio*** - An **increased old-age dependency ratio** indicates a larger proportion of older, non-working individuals relative to the working-age population. - This demographic shift places a significant **economic and social burden** on the working population and social welfare systems due to increased healthcare and pension costs. *Decreased old age dependency ratio* - A **decreased old-age dependency ratio** would imply a smaller proportion of elderly dependents, which would actually reduce the demographic burden, making it an unlikely correct answer. - This scenario would generally be considered economically favorable as it suggests more working-age individuals supporting fewer retirees. *Decreased young age dependency ratio* - A **decreased young-age dependency ratio** means fewer children are dependent on the working-age population, which generally lessens the demographic burden. - While it has its own long-term implications (e.g., future workforce shortages), in the immediate sense, it does not contribute to an increased demographic burden. *Increased young age dependency ratio* - An **increased young-age dependency ratio** does contribute to a demographic burden, as more children need support from the working-age population. - However, in many developed and transitioning countries, the **old-age dependency ratio** is emerging as the major or growing contributor to the overall demographic burden due to increasing life expectancy and declining birth rates. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Blood spill in the operation theater is cleaned with _____?

Chlorine compound. ***Chlorine compound*** - **Chlorine-releasing agents** like 1% sodium hypochlorite (bleach) are highly effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including **blood-borne pathogens** such as HIV and Hepatitis B. - Their rapid action and strong oxidizing properties make them the preferred choice for disinfecting surfaces contaminated with blood spills in healthcare settings, ensuring efficient **decontamination**. *Phenolic compounds* - Phenolic compounds are generally used for cleaning and disinfecting **hard, non-porous surfaces** but are less preferred for blood spills due to their slower action and potential for leaving residues. - They are effective against some bacteria and fungi but may not be as rapidly virucidal as chlorine compounds, especially against enveloped viruses in organic matter. *Quaternary ammonium compounds* - **Quaternary ammonium compounds** (Quats) are good general disinfectants for routine cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces but have a **lower efficacy against non-enveloped viruses** and spores. - They tend to be inactivated by organic matter, making them less suitable for effective decontamination of **blood spills with high protein content**. *Alcoholic compounds* - **Alcoholic compounds** (e.g., 70% ethanol or isopropanol) are effective disinfectants but are often limited to **small surface areas** or for antiseptic use on skin. - They evaporate quickly and are not ideal for cleaning large blood spills as they may not provide sufficient contact time for effective sterilization in the presence of organic material. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

The major contributor to the demographic burden is

Accepted Answer

Increased old age dependency ratio

Answer

Decreased old age dependency ratio

Answer

Decreased young age dependency ratio

Answer

Increased young age dependency ratio

Question 2

Blood spill in the operation theater is cleaned with _____?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine compound

Answer

Phenolic compounds

Answer

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Answer

Alcoholic compounds

FMGE 2022 — Community Medicine