Abdomen Practice Questions

Q: In the diagram of the abdominal wall musculature, the muscle labelled 'X' and the structure formed by its aponeurosis are best identified as:

External oblique - Inguinal ligament. ***External oblique - Inguinal ligament*** - The **external oblique** muscle aponeurosis folds back on itself inferiorly between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle. This thickened inferior margin forms the **inguinal ligament**. - This structure serves as the floor of the **inguinal canal** and acts as an attachment point for other abdominal wall muscles and fasciae. *Internal oblique - Conjoint tendon* - The **internal oblique** muscle contributes fibers to the formation of the **conjoint tendon** (falx inguinalis), but this occurs at the medial aspect, not the inguinal ligament. - It arises from the middle of the iliac crest and does not provide the primary structural basis for the **inguinal ligament**. *Transversus abdominis - Conjoint tendon* - The **transversus abdominis** muscle is the deepest of the three flat abdominal muscles and joins with the internal oblique to form the **conjoint tendon**. - It plays a critical role in stabilizing the posterior wall of the **inguinal canal**, rather than forming the floor ligamentous structures. *Rectus abdominis - Linea alba* - The **rectus abdominis** is a paired muscle running vertically along the anterior abdomen, enclosed within the **rectus sheath**. - Its medial borders meet to form the **linea alba**, a fibrous midline raphe, which is functionally and anatomically distinct from the inguinal region.

Q: The abdominal part of the esophagus is supplied by which artery?

Left gastric artery and inferior phrenic artery. The esophagus is a muscular tube approximately 25 cm long, divided into cervical, thoracic, and abdominal segments. The **abdominal part** is the shortest segment (approx. 1.25 cm), passing through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm at the level of T10 to join the stomach at the cardiac orifice. **Why Option D is Correct:** The arterial supply of the esophagus follows its anatomical course: * **Left Gastric Artery:** A branch of the celiac trunk, it provides the primary supply to the abdominal esophagus. * **Left Inferior Phrenic Artery:** A direct branch of the abdominal aorta, it supplies the diaphragm and sends branches to the lower esophagus. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Bronchial Artery:** These supply the **thoracic part** of the esophagus (along with esophageal branches of the thoracic aorta). * **B. Abdominal Aorta:** While the aorta gives rise to the celiac trunk and phrenic arteries, it does not supply the abdominal esophagus directly. * **C. Right Gastric Artery:** This artery supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach but does not extend superiorly enough to supply the esophagus. **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** 1. **Venous Drainage (Crucial):** The abdominal esophagus is a site of **Portosystemic Anastomosis**. The lower part drains into the Left Gastric Vein (Portal system) and the Azygos Vein (Systemic system). Clinical correlate: **Esophageal Varices** in portal hypertension. 2. **Nerve Supply:** Parasympathetic supply is via the **Vagus nerves** (Anterior and Posterior gastric nerves). 3. **Lymphatic Drainage:** The abdominal part drains into the **Left Gastric Lymph Nodes**, which eventually drain into the Celiac nodes.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a covering of the spermatic cord?

Dartos muscle. The spermatic cord begins at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the posterior border of the testis. As it passes through the inguinal canal, it acquires three distinct coverings derived from the layers of the anterior abdominal wall [1]. ### **Explanation of the Correct Answer** **D. Dartos muscle:** This is the correct answer because the Dartos muscle (and its associated fascia) is a layer of the **scrotal wall**, not the spermatic cord. It is a smooth muscle located in the superficial fascia of the scrotum, responsible for the rugosity (wrinkling) of the scrotal skin in response to cold. It does not wrap around the cord structures. ### **Analysis of Incorrect Options** The three true coverings of the spermatic cord are: * **A. Internal spermatic fascia:** Derived from the **Transversalis fascia** at the deep inguinal ring. * **B. Cremasteric fascia:** Derived from the **Internal oblique muscle** and its fascia [1]. It contains the cremaster muscle, responsible for the cremasteric reflex. * **C. External spermatic fascia:** Derived from the **External oblique aponeurosis** at the superficial inguinal ring [1]. ### **NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls** * **Mnemonic for Layers:** "**I**ce **C**ream **E**verywhere" (**I**nternal spermatic, **C**remasteric, **E**xternal spermatic). * **The "Missing" Layer:** The **Transversus abdominis** muscle does NOT contribute a covering to the spermatic cord because it arches over the cord without being pierced by it [1]. * **Contents of the Cord:** Remember the "Rule of 3s": 3 Arteries (Testicular, Cremasteric, Artery to Vas), 3 Nerves (Genital branch of genitofemoral, Ilioinguinal—*technically outside the cord but travels with it*, Sympathetics), and 3 Other structures (Vas deferens, Pampiniform plexus, Lymphatics).

Question 1

Identify the muscles given in the image.

Accepted Answer

A-Psoas major,B -Psoas minor,C -Transverse abdominis, D -Quadratus lumborum

Answer

A-Psoas major,B -Psoas minor ,C -Quadratus lumborum, D -Transverse abdominis

Answer

A-Psoas minor,B -Psoas major,C -Quadratus lumborum, D -Transverse abdominis

Answer

A-Psoas minor,B -Psoas major,C -Quadratus lumborum, D -Transverse abdominis

Question 2

In the diagram of the abdominal wall musculature, the muscle labelled 'X' and the structure
formed by its aponeurosis are best identified as:

Accepted Answer

External oblique - Inguinal ligament

Answer

Internal oblique - Conjoint tendon

Answer

Transversus abdominis - Conjoint tendon

Answer

Rectus abdominis - Linea alba

Question 3

The abdominal part of the esophagus is supplied by which artery?

Accepted Answer

Left gastric artery and inferior phrenic artery

Answer

Bronchial artery

Answer

Abdominal aorta

Answer

Right gastric artery and inferior phrenic artery

Question 4

Normal splanchnic blood supply to the liver includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Portal vein

Answer

Splenic artery

Answer

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a covering of the spermatic cord?

Accepted Answer

Dartos muscle

Answer

Internal spermatic fascia

Answer

Cremasteric fascia

Answer

External spermatic fascia

Abdomen — MCQs

Abdomen — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?