UPSC-CMS 2023 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: As per the Government of India guidelines, the daily dose of elemental iron recommended for prophylaxis during pregnancy is

100 mg/day for 100 days. ***100 mg/day for 100 days*** - As per the **Government of India guidelines**, the recommended daily dose of **elemental iron** for prophylaxis during pregnancy is 100 mg/day. - This dose is typically continued for at least **100 days** to ensure adequate iron stores and prevent iron deficiency anemia. *150 mg/day for 100 days* - This dose exceeds the **recommended daily prophylactic** amount of elemental iron specified by Indian government guidelines. - While higher doses may be used for **therapeutic treatment** of existing iron deficiency anemia, it is not the standard for prophylaxis. *200 mg/day for 100 days* - This amount is significantly higher than the standard **prophylactic recommendation** for elemental iron during pregnancy in India. - Such a high dose would typically only be prescribed for **treating severe anemia**, not for routine prevention. *50 mg/day for 100 days* - This dose is lower than the **recommended daily amount** for effective iron prophylaxis according to the Government of India guidelines. - Such a dose might be **insufficient** to maintain adequate iron levels and prevent anemia during pregnancy. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The use of condoms for protection against sexually transmitted diseases qualifies as

Specific protection. ***Specific protection*** - **Specific protection** involves measures aimed at preventing particular diseases by reducing exposure to their causes or by enhancing resistance against them. - Using condoms directly acts against the transmission of **sexually transmitted infections (STIs)**, thus making it a form of specific protection. *Primordial prevention* - **Primordial prevention** focuses on addressing underlying social and economic conditions that contribute to disease risk. - It targets **root causes** before risk factors for a disease even develop in the population. *Health promotion* - **Health promotion** is a broader concept that includes educational and environmental efforts to support healthy lifestyles and reduce overall disease risk. - While condom use could be part of a health promotion campaign, the act itself is a more targeted intervention. *Secondary prevention* - **Secondary prevention** involves early detection and prompt treatment of existing health problems to prevent their progression or complications. - This would include activities like **STI screening** and starting treatment after diagnosis, not preventing initial transmission. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Child survival index is the percentage of children surviving till the age of

5 years. ***5 years*** - The **child survival index** is a public health indicator that measures the proportion of children who survive to their **fifth birthday**. - This age is critical as it marks the end of the highest risk period for childhood mortality from infectious diseases and malnutrition. *15 years* - This age range would be related to **adolescent survival rates**, which are distinct from the specific focus of the child survival index. - While important for overall population health, it does not define the traditional child survival index. *1 year* - Survival up to **one year of age** is typically measured by the **infant mortality rate**, which is a separate but related indicator of child health. - The child survival index extends beyond infancy to capture early childhood health outcomes. *3 years* - While an important developmental stage, survival to **three years** is not the universally accepted cutoff for the definition of the child survival index. - The standard definition focuses on survival until the completion of the **fifth year of life**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The "risk of a disease" is measured by the

Incidence Rate. ***Incidence Rate*** - The **incidence rate** directly measures the frequency of **new cases** of a disease in a population over a specified period. - It is used to estimate the **risk** or probability of developing a disease, as it quantifies how quickly people are contracting the disease within the at-risk population. - **Formula:** (Number of new cases during time period / Population at risk) × multiplier - This is the epidemiologically correct measure of disease risk. *Prevalence Rate* - The **prevalence rate** measures the **total number of existing cases** (both new and old) of a disease in a population at a specific point in time or over a period. - It reflects the **burden** of a disease, not the risk of acquiring it, as it includes individuals who may have developed the disease much earlier. - Prevalence = Incidence × Duration of disease. *Case Fatality Rate* - The **case fatality rate** (CFR) measures the **proportion of individuals diagnosed with a disease who die from that disease** within a specified period. - It reflects the **severity** or lethality of a disease among those affected, not the risk of developing the disease in the first place. - CFR is a measure of disease outcome, not disease occurrence. *Communicability Rate* - There is no standard epidemiological term exactly defined as "communicability rate"; however, related concepts include the **basic reproduction number (R₀)** and **secondary attack rate**. - These concepts describe the **spread or transmissibility of an infectious disease**, not the risk of contracting a disease from a general population perspective. - This measures transmission dynamics rather than individual risk. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

As per the Government of India guidelines, the daily dose of elemental iron recommended for prophylaxis during pregnancy is

Accepted Answer

100 mg/day for 100 days

Answer

150 mg/day for 100 days

Answer

200 mg/day for 100 days

Answer

50 mg/day for 100 days

Question 2

The use of condoms for protection against sexually transmitted diseases qualifies as

Accepted Answer

Specific protection

Answer

Primordial prevention

Answer

Health promotion

Answer

Secondary prevention

Question 3

Child survival index is the percentage of children surviving till the age of

Accepted Answer

5 years

Answer

15 years

Answer

1 year

Answer

3 years

Question 4

The "risk of a disease" is measured by the

Accepted Answer

Incidence Rate

Answer

Prevalence Rate

Answer

Case Fatality Rate

Answer

Communicability Rate

Question 5

The "Relative Risk" of 0.25 indicates

Accepted Answer

75% reduction in the incidence rate in the exposed individuals compared with the unexposed

Answer

2.5 times higher risk in the exposed individuals compared with the unexposed

Answer

25% increase in the incidence rate in the exposed individuals compared with the unexposed

Answer

75% risk increase in the exposed individuals compared with the unexposed

Question 6

Which of the following constitutes "Secondary Prevention"?

Accepted Answer

Screening Tests

Answer

Health Education Programme

Answer

Using Limb Callipers

Answer

Wearing Safety Helmets

Question 7

The installation and usage of sanitary latrines by general public constitutes which level of prevention?

Accepted Answer

Specific protection

Answer

Disability limitation and rehabilitation

Answer

Early diagnosis and treatment

Answer

Health promotion

Question 8

"Sampling error" occurs due to the variation in results

Accepted Answer

between one sample and another

Answer

due to the use of many instruments in the study

Answer

due to the multiple readings taken on the same instrument

Answer

between the observations of two individuals

Question 9

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

Accepted Answer

A→1  B→3  C→2  D→4

Answer

A→3  B→2  C→1  D→4

Answer

A→3  B→1  C→4  D→2

Answer

A→4  B→2  C→3  D→1

Question 10

Which one of the following indicators includes the value of a person's height squared in its formula?

Accepted Answer

Quetelet's index

Answer

Waist-to-hip ratio

Answer

Ponderal index

Answer

Waist circumference

UPSC-CMS 2023 — Community Medicine