UPSC-CMS 2021 - Pathology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which one of the following is NOT associated with BRCA1/BRCA2 genes?

Liver cancer. ***Liver cancer*** - **BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations** are primarily associated with an increased risk of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers, but not typically with **liver cancer**. - While liver cancer does have genetic predispositions, they are generally linked to other genes and environmental factors like chronic viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse. *Ovarian cancer* - **BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations** significantly increase the risk of developing **hereditary ovarian cancer**, particularly serous ovarian carcinoma [2]. - Individuals with these mutations often undergo prophylactic oophorectomy to reduce their risk [2]. *Prostate cancer* - **BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations**, especially **BRCA2**, are associated with an increased risk of developing **prostate cancer**, often an aggressive form, particularly in younger men. - Screening guidelines for men with BRCA mutations may include earlier and more frequent PSA testing. *Breast cancer* - **BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes** are tumor suppressor genes, and mutations in these genes are the most common cause of **hereditary breast cancer** [1], [2]. - Individuals with BRCA mutations have a significantly higher lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, and often have a higher incidence of bilateral breast cancer [2]. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Breast, p. 1058. [2] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. The Breast, pp. 1058-1059. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements regarding hepatic adenomas are correct? 1. They are almost exclusively seen in females aged 25-50 years 2. They are associated with the use of oral contraceptive pills 3. They do not have any malignant potential 4. Majority are detected incidentally on imaging

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - **Hepatic adenomas** are indeed almost exclusively seen in **females aged 25-50 years**, primarily due to their association with hormonal factors. - They are strongly associated with the use of **oral contraceptive pills** (OCPs) and other exogenous estrogens [1]. - The majority of hepatic adenomas are detected **incidentally on imaging** performed for other reasons, as they are often asymptomatic unless complications arise. - While most hepatic adenomas are benign, they do carry a **risk of malignant transformation**, particularly larger lesions or certain subtypes [1]. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly states that hepatic adenomas **do not have any malignant potential**; however, certain subtypes and larger adenomas can undergo malignant transformation [1]. - The other statements regarding association with OCPs and incidental detection are correct. *1, 3 and 4* - This choice incorrectly claims that hepatic adenomas **do not have any malignant potential**, which is false as there is a recognized risk of transformation to **hepatocellular carcinoma** [1]. - It also omits the correct statement about their association with OCPs. *1, 2 and 3* - This option incorrectly asserts that hepatic adenomas **do not have any malignant potential**, which contradicts current medical understanding as they can transform into **hepatocellular carcinoma** [1]. - It also omits the common finding that they are often detected incidentally. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Liver and Gallbladder, pp. 874-875. [Practice more Pathology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which one of the following is NOT associated with BRCA1/BRCA2 genes?

Accepted Answer

Liver cancer

Answer

Ovarian cancer

Answer

Prostate cancer

Answer

Breast cancer

Question 2

The malignancy associated with Stewart-Treves syndrome is

Accepted Answer

Lymphangiosarcoma

Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Liposarcoma

Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding hepatic adenomas are correct?

1. They are almost exclusively seen in females aged 25-50 years

2. They are associated with the use of oral contraceptive pills

3. They do not have any malignant potential

4. Majority are detected incidentally on imaging

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

UPSC-CMS 2021 — Pathology