UPSC-CMS 2021 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Steroidal contraceptives available in the basket of contraceptive choice from Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India are

Monophasic. ***Monophasic*** - **Monophasic oral contraceptive pills** are the formulation type available in India's National Family Planning Programme basket of contraceptive choices. - The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare provides **Mala-N** (Levonorgestrel 0.15mg + Ethinyl estradiol 0.03mg) and **Mala-D** (Desogestrel + Ethinyl estradiol) - both are monophasic formulations. - Monophasic pills contain a **fixed dose of estrogen and progestin** throughout the 21 active pill cycle, making them simpler to use and ensuring better compliance. *Biphasic* - **Biphasic pills** contain two different doses of hormones during the active pill cycle. - These are **not included** in the Government of India's national family planning programme basket of contraceptive choices. - Less commonly used compared to monophasic formulations. *Estrogen only pills* - **Estrogen-only pills** are not used as contraceptives due to the risk of **endometrial hyperplasia** and cancer if not balanced with progestin. - These are used for hormone replacement therapy or specific medical conditions, **not for contraception**. *Triphasic* - **Triphasic pills** contain three different dosages of hormones throughout the active pill cycle to mimic the natural menstrual cycle. - These are **not included** in the Government of India's national family planning programme basket. - Their varied dosing schedule is more complex and not preferred for widespread public health distribution. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The life expectancy at birth for a country A is 64 years. The minimum and maximum values of life expectancy are 20 years and 86 years respectively. As part of Human Development Index (HDI), what is the Life Expectancy Index for the country A ?

0.667. **0.667** - The Life Expectancy Index (LEI) is a component of the Human Development Index (HDI). - Formula: **LEI = (Actual Life Expectancy - Minimum Life Expectancy) / (Maximum Life Expectancy - Minimum Life Expectancy)** - Calculation: (64 - 20) / (86 - 20) = 44 / 66 = **0.667** - The index ranges from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate better life expectancy relative to the reference range. *0.512* - This value would result from calculation errors, such as using incorrect minimum or maximum values. - For example, if a different denominator was used or if the actual life expectancy was miscalculated. *0.970* - This value is too high and suggests a calculation error. - An index of 0.970 would indicate the country's life expectancy is 84 years (very close to the maximum of 86 years). *0.744* - This value does not correspond to the given parameters. - Could result from arithmetic errors or using different reference values for minimum/maximum life expectancy. - Using the correct formula with given values yields 0.667, not 0.744. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following indicators stand consolidated in Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)? 1. Infant mortality 2. Life expectancy at age one 3. Per capita income 4. Literacy

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - The **Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)** is a composite index that measures the quality of life based on three specific indicators: infant mortality, life expectancy at age one, and literacy. - These indicators were chosen to reflect basic human needs and achievements independent of economic production. *1, 2 and 3* - This option incorrectly includes **per capita income** as an indicator. The PQLI was developed as an alternative to economic measures like GDP or per capita income. - **Per capita income** is an economic indicator, whereas PQLI focuses on social indicators of well-being. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **per capita income** and excludes **infant mortality**, which is a core component of the PQLI reflecting the health status of a population. - The PQLI specifically aims to capture non-economic aspects of development. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes **per capita income** and excludes **life expectancy at age one**, which is a critical health indicator in the PQLI. - PQLI specifically includes **life expectancy at age one** instead of other age groups to reflect achievements in reducing early childhood mortality and improving health. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Consider the following staff: 1. Medical Officer 2. Pharmacist 3. Anaesthetist 4. Health Educator Of them, who are routinely posted to a PHC ?

1, 2 and 4. ***1, 2 and 4*** - According to **IPHS (Indian Public Health Standards)** for PHC staffing, a **Medical Officer** is the essential physician providing primary medical care, and a **Pharmacist** is mandatory for dispensing medications and managing the drug store. - While a designated "Health Educator" post may not be uniformly established at all PHCs, **health education activities** are a core PHC function, often performed by staff nurses, ANMs, or health workers as part of their routine duties under the supervision of the Medical Officer. - In the context of this question and official guidelines, these three roles represent the personnel involved in **medical care, pharmaceutical services, and health education functions** at PHC level. *2, 3 and 4* - An **Anaesthetist** is NOT routinely posted at PHC level as PHCs do not perform surgical procedures requiring anaesthesia. - Anaesthetists are stationed at **CHCs (Community Health Centres)** with operation theatre facilities or higher-level hospitals. - This option incorrectly includes anaesthetist while omitting the essential Medical Officer. *1, 2 and 3* - While **Medical Officer** and **Pharmacist** are definitely routine PHC staff, an **Anaesthetist** is not posted at PHC level. - PHCs provide basic primary healthcare services, not surgical interventions requiring anaesthesia services. - Anaesthetists are found at CHC level and above. *1, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes an **Anaesthetist** who is not a PHC-level staff member. - Additionally, it omits the **Pharmacist**, who is a mandatory and essential staff member at every PHC for medication dispensing and drug store management. - Without a pharmacist, the PHC cannot function effectively in providing essential medicines. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

As per ICMR guidelines, which of the following are the criteria for SARS-COV-2 exposure for a pregnant female during the COVID-19 pandemic?

1. Travel to an affected country within previous 14 days
2. Close contact with a confirmed case within a distance of 1 metre for more than 15 minutes
3. Residing in a containment zone
4. Healthcare workers examining a confirmed case without adequate protection

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Question 2

Steroidal contraceptives available in the basket of contraceptive choice from Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India are

Accepted Answer

Monophasic

Answer

Biphasic

Answer

Estrogen only pills

Answer

Triphasic

Question 3

The life expectancy at birth for a country A is 64 years. The minimum and maximum values of life expectancy are 20 years and 86 years respectively. As part of Human Development Index (HDI), what is the Life Expectancy Index for the country A ?

Accepted Answer

0.667

Answer

0.512

Answer

0.970

Answer

0.744

Question 4

Which of the following indicators stand consolidated in Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)?

1. Infant mortality
2. Life expectancy at age one
3. Per capita income
4. Literacy

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Question 5

Consider the following staff:

1. Medical Officer
2. Pharmacist
3. Anaesthetist
4. Health Educator Of them, who are routinely posted to a PHC ?

Accepted Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1, 3 and 4

Question 6

Which one of the following management techniques helps in standardising the methods of performing jobs ?

Accepted Answer

Systems Analysis

Answer

Work Sampling

Answer

Personnel Management

Answer

Decision Making

Question 7

STDs are transmitted by

Accepted Answer

Direct contact

Answer

Contact with soil

Answer

Droplet infection

Answer

Vector borne

Question 8

In which one of the following study designs, the unit of study involves populations rather than individuals ?

Accepted Answer

Ecological studies

Answer

Cross-sectional studies

Answer

Cohort studies

Answer

Case-control studies

Question 9

What is the Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) for the hazardous industry workers (as compared to national population)?

Accepted Answer

120

Answer

110

Answer

100

Answer

130

Question 10

Which one of the following best explains the relationship among Prevalence (P), Incidence (I) and Duration (D) of a disease given the assumption that the population is stable ?

Accepted Answer

P = I x D

Answer

I = P x D

Answer

D = P x I

Answer

I = P + D

UPSC-CMS 2021 — Community Medicine