NEET-PG 2023 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: What anatomical structure is formed after the obliteration of the umbilical vein?

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres). ***Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)*** - The **umbilical vein** carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus during development [1]. - After birth, the umbilical vein obliterates and forms the **round ligament of the liver**, also known as the **ligamentum teres hepatis**. *Ligamentum venosum* - This structure is the obliterated remnant of the **ductus venosus**, which shunted blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver [1]. - It is located in a fissure on the posterior surface of the liver, separate from the round ligament. *Ligamentum arteriosum* - This ligament is the remnant of the **ductus arteriosus**, a fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. - Its obliteration allows blood to flow through the lungs after birth. *Medial umbilical ligament* - This ligament is formed from the obliterated **umbilical arteries**, which carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta. - There are two medial umbilical ligaments, one from each umbilical artery. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A female presents with loss of vision in the right halves of both eyes. Where is the lesion located in the optic pathway?

Left optic tract. Left optic tract - A lesion in the **left optic tract** causes **right homonymous hemianopsia**, meaning loss of vision in the right halves of both eyes [1]. - This is because the left optic tract carries visual information from the **nasal retina of the right eye** and the **temporal retina of the left eye**, both of which process the right visual field [1]. *Optic radiation* - A lesion in the optic radiation would also cause a **homonymous hemianopsia** but depending on the specific location within the radiation, it could result in a **quadrantanopia** (loss of a quarter visual field) rather than a complete hemianopsia. - The optic radiation projects from the **lateral geniculate nucleus** to the **visual cortex**, and damage here affects the post-chiasmatic visual pathway [1]. *Optic chiasma* - A lesion at the **optic chiasma** typically results in **bitemporal hemianopsia**, which is the loss of vision in the **temporal halves of both eyes** [1]. - This occurs because the **crossing nasal fibers** from both eyes, which carry information from the temporal visual fields, are affected [1]. *Right optic tract* - A lesion in the **right optic tract** would result in **left homonymous hemianopsia**, meaning loss of vision in the **left halves of both eyes** [1]. - This is due to the right optic tract carrying fibers from the **nasal retina of the left eye** and the **temporal retina of the right eye**, both of which process the left visual field [1]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The given histology image is of which structure?

Glomerulus. ***Glomerulus*** - The glomerulus is characterized by a **tuft of capillaries** surrounded by Bowman's capsule, responsible for filtration in the kidney [1]. - Histological examination typically shows a **dense network of capillaries** and **mesangial cells**, which are distinct features of the glomeruli [1]. *Hassall's corpuscles* - Found in the **thymus**, they are round structures composed of epithelial cells, crucial in T-cell maturation. - Histologically, they present as concentric layers of **epithelial cells** and are not found in the kidney. *Leydig cells of testis* - Located in the **interstitial tissue** of the testes, these cells produce testosterone and are typically larger than glomerular cells. - They are characterized by their **eosinophilic cytoplasm** and round nuclei, differing markedly from the structures found in the glomerulus. *Pancreatic islet cells* - Islet cells are involved in **hormone production**, predominantly insulin and glucagon, and are located in the pancreas. - Histologically, they appear as small clusters dispersed among **exocrine pancreas**, which is different from the highly organized structure of the glomerulus. **References:** [1] Cross SS. Underwood's Pathology: A Clinical Approach. 6th ed. Common Clinical Problems From Diseases Of The Urinary And Male Genital Tracts, pp. 522-523. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A patient is brought to the OPD by his wife, complaining about difficulty expressing emotions and lack of participation in daily activities. On examination, resting tremors and rigidity are noted. Given the possible diagnosis, which part of the brain is affected in this patient?

Basal ganglia. **Basal ganglia (Correct)** - The symptoms described—**resting tremors**, **rigidity**, difficulty expressing emotions, and lack of participation—are classic features of **Parkinson's disease**, which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the **substantia nigra**, a component of the basal ganglia [1]. - The basal ganglia play a crucial role in motor control, learning, and emotion, and their dysfunction leads to the characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms observed [2]. *Hippocampus (Incorrect)* - The hippocampus is primarily involved in **memory formation** and spatial navigation. - Damage to the hippocampus typically results in **amnesia** or difficulties with new learning, not motor symptoms like tremors or rigidity [3]. *Cerebellum (Incorrect)* - The cerebellum is responsible for **coordination**, balance, and fine motor control [2]. - **Cerebellar dysfunction** typically manifests as **ataxia**, dysmetria, and intention tremors, which differ from the resting tremors and rigidity seen in this patient. *Premotor cortex (Incorrect)* - The premotor cortex is involved in the planning and preparation of movements, as well as the control of trunk and proximal limb muscles. - While it contributes to motor control, its primary dysfunction does not typically cause the combination of **resting tremors** and **rigidity** characteristic of Parkinson's disease. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

What embryological failure leads to the formation of a double aortic arch?

Accepted Answer

Failure of regression of the right dorsal aorta

Answer

Failure of neural crest cell migration

Answer

Abnormal development of the ductus arteriosus

Answer

Failure of the 6th aortic arch to develop

Question 2

What anatomical structure is formed after the obliteration of the umbilical vein?

Accepted Answer

Round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres)

Answer

Ligamentum venosum

Answer

Ligamentum arteriosum

Answer

Medial umbilical ligament

Question 3

A female presents with loss of vision in the right halves of both eyes. Where is the lesion    located in the optic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Left optic tract

Answer

Optic radiation

Answer

Optic chiasma

Answer

Right optic tract

Question 4

The given histology image is of which structure?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus

Answer

Pancreatic islet cells

Answer

Hassall's corpuscles

Answer

Leydig cells in the testis

Question 5

A patient is brought to the OPD by his wife, complaining about difficulty expressing emotions and lack of participation in daily activities. On examination, resting tremors and rigidity are noted. Given the possible diagnosis, which part of the brain is affected in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Premotor cortex

Question 6

Injury at which of the following marked sites on the leg causes failure of dorsiflexion?

Accepted Answer

Lateral aspect of the leg (site 3)

Answer

Anterior aspect of the thigh (site 1)

Answer

Medial aspect of the leg (site 4)

Answer

Posterior aspect of the thigh (site 2)

Question 7

During acute tonsillitis, referred pain from the tonsil to the middle ear occurs via which nerve?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer

Facial nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 8

Which of the following is true about nerve injuries?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve is also named as labourer's nerve

Answer

Froment sign seen in median nerve palsy is due to Flexor pollicis longus action

Answer

All lumbricals are supplied by median nerve

Answer

Waenburg sign is seen in median nerve palsy

NEET-PG 2023 — Anatomy