NEET-PG 2021 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: After the admission of a road traffic accident (RTA) case, there is a spillage of blood on the hospital floor. Which disinfectant should be used to clean the floor?

Sodium Hypochlorite. ***Sodium Hypochlorite*** - **Sodium hypochlorite** is highly effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including **viruses, bacteria, and fungi**, making it ideal for blood spills. - Its **oxidizing action** denatures proteins and nucleic acids, effectively decontaminating surfaces potentially contaminated with bloodborne pathogens. *Formaldehyde* - Primarily used as a **sterilant** or for **tissue preservation**, not typically for general surface cleaning due to its toxicity and strong odor. - Its slow action and **irritating fumes** make it unsuitable for routine decontamination in a clinical setting. *Chlorhexidine* - Primarily an **antiseptic** used for skin disinfection and surgical scrubs due to its residual activity. - It has limited efficacy against some viruses and is not the first choice for large-scale surface decontamination of blood spills due to potential staining and cost. *Ethyl alcohol* - Effective as a **disinfectant** for small surfaces and medical equipment, but evaporates quickly, limiting its contact time for thorough disinfection of large spills. - It is flammable and can damage certain materials, making it less suitable for blood on floors. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: There is an outbreak of buboes in a community. What is the vector responsible for transmitting the causative agent?

Xenopsylla [Rat Flea]. ***Xenopsylla [Rat Flea]*** - The presence of **buboes** is characteristic of the **bubonic plague**, caused by *Yersinia pestis*. - *Xenopsylla cheopis*, the **rat flea**, is the primary **vector** responsible for transmitting *Yersinia pestis* from rodents to humans. *Human flea* - While human fleas (*Pulex irritans*) can bite humans, they are not the primary or most efficient vector for transmitting **bubonic plague**. - Their role in widespread outbreaks is generally considered minor compared to the **rat flea**. *Sand fly* - **Sand flies** are vectors for diseases such as **leishmaniasis** and **sandfly fever**. - They are not associated with the transmission of **bubonic plague** or the formation of **buboes**. *Tsetse fly* - The **tsetse fly** is the vector for **African trypanosomiasis** (sleeping sickness). - This disease presents with fevers, headaches, and neurological symptoms, not **buboes**. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is not included in the Global Hunger Index?

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). ***Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)*** - The **Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)** measures deaths of infants under one year of age and is an indicator of overall community health and access to medical care, but it is **not directly included** in the GHI calculation. - While related to health and well-being, the GHI focuses on direct measures of **food insecurity** and its immediate consequences on children. *Undernourishment* - **Undernourishment**, defined as the proportion of the population that is consuming insufficient caloric energy, is a **direct component** of the GHI. - It reflects the overall **food supply** and access at the population level. *Under 5 mortality rate* - The **Under-5 Mortality Rate** (child mortality) is a key indicator in the GHI, reflecting the fatal consequences of a combination of **inadequate nutrition** and unhealthy environments. - It captures deaths of children before their fifth birthday, which can be heavily influenced by **nutritional status**. *Child undernutrition* - **Child undernutrition** is represented in the GHI by two indicators: **child stunting** (low height for age) and **child wasting** (low weight for height). - These are crucial measures reflecting **chronic** and **acute undernutrition** in children, respectively. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In a 10-year-old school child under the school health program, which vaccine should be administered?

Td. ***Td (Tetanus-Diphtheria)*** - For a 10-year-old child under the school health program in India, the recommended vaccination is a booster dose of **Td (tetanus-diphtheria)**. - This ensures continued **protection against tetanus and diphtheria**, as immunity from the primary series may wane over time. - **Td is preferred over TT** (tetanus toxoid alone) as it provides protection against both tetanus and diphtheria. - This is administered at **10 years and 16 years** as per the Indian Academy of Pediatrics immunization schedule. *DPT* - **DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)** is administered in infancy and early childhood (at 6, 10, and 14 weeks, with boosters at 16-24 months and 4-6 years). - The **pertussis component is not given** in later childhood or adolescence due to increased reactogenicity in older children. *BCG* - **BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin)** vaccine protects against tuberculosis and is given **at birth** in endemic areas like India. - It is **not routinely administered** to a 10-year-old unless there are specific risk factors or documented non-vaccination status. *MMR* - **MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)** vaccine is given as **two doses**: first at 9-12 months and second at 16-24 months (or 4-6 years). - A 10-year-old child would have **already completed** their MMR vaccination schedule. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: In an outbreak of encephalitis in a community, according to the Universal Immunization Schedule, what is the route of administration for the vaccine likely used for the infection?

Live & intramuscular. ***Live & intramuscular*** - The most common cause of encephalitis in outbreaks included in the Universal Immunization Schedule is **Japanese Encephalitis (JE)**, for which the **live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine** is administered **intramuscularly**. - As per the **National Immunization Schedule of India (current UIP)**, JE vaccine is given via **IM route** at 9-12 months of age. - **Live attenuated vaccines** stimulate a strong, long-lasting immune response, often with a single dose. *Incorrect: Live & subcutaneous* - While the older **inactivated JE vaccine** (used before 2013) was given subcutaneously, the **current live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine** used in India's UIP is administered **intramuscularly**. - Subcutaneous route was appropriate for the older killed vaccine formulation but not for the current live vaccine. *Incorrect: Killed & intramuscular* - The current JE vaccine in India's UIP is **live attenuated, not killed**. - While killed vaccines are often given intramuscularly (e.g., inactivated polio), the primary vaccine for encephalitis outbreaks is the **live SA 14-14-2 vaccine**. - Killed vaccines typically require **multiple doses** and boosters to achieve adequate immunity. *Incorrect: Killed & subcutaneous* - Although the **older inactivated (killed) JE vaccine** was given subcutaneously before 2013, this has been replaced in the UIP. - The **current standard** is the live attenuated vaccine given intramuscularly, which provides better immunogenicity and requires fewer doses. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

After the admission of a road traffic accident (RTA) case, there is a spillage of blood on the hospital floor. Which disinfectant should be used to clean the floor?

Accepted Answer

Sodium Hypochlorite

Answer

Formaldehyde

Answer

Chlorhexidine

Answer

Ethyl alcohol

Question 2

There is an outbreak of buboes in a community. What is the vector responsible for transmitting the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Xenopsylla [Rat Flea]

Answer

Human flea

Answer

Sand fly

Answer

Tsetse fly

Question 3

Which of the following is not included in the Global Hunger Index?

Accepted Answer

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Answer

Undernourishment

Answer

Under 5 mortality rate

Answer

Child undernutrition

Question 4

In a 10-year-old school child under the school health program, which vaccine should be administered?

Accepted Answer

Td

Answer

DPT

Answer

BCG

Answer

MMR

Question 5

In an outbreak of encephalitis in a community, according to the Universal Immunization Schedule, what is the route of administration for the vaccine likely used for the infection?

Accepted Answer

Live & intramuscular

Answer

Live & subcutaneous

Answer

Killed & intramuscular

Answer

Killed & subcutaneous

Question 6

Low air velocity will be measured by

Accepted Answer

Kata thermometer

Answer

Beckmann thermometer

Answer

Globe thermometer

Answer

Wet bulb thermometer

Question 7

At which level is the School Health Service typically provided?

Accepted Answer

PHC

Answer

Subdistrict

Answer

Subcentre

Answer

District

Question 8

In a post-Diwali air pollution index chart, an AQI value of 470 was recorded. What level of air pollution does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Severe

Answer

Moderate

Answer

Very poor

Answer

Poor

Question 9

A 55-year-old patient from Chhattisgarh presents with progressive muscle weakness, stiffness of both lower limbs, and complete paralysis. What is the most important history that should be asked?

Accepted Answer

Dietary history

Answer

Medical history

Answer

History of present illness

Answer

Socioeconomic history

NEET-PG 2021 — Community Medicine