Question 11: Sample size of samples A, B and C are 500, 800 and 1000 respectively. Which sample has the highest margin of error? (NEET Jan 2018)
- A. Sample A (Correct Answer)
- B. Sample B
- C. Sample C
- D. None of above
Explanation: ***Sample A***
- The **margin of error** is inversely proportional to the square root of the sample size. Therefore, a smaller sample size leads to a larger margin of error.
- Sample A has the smallest sample size (N=500) among the given options, thus having the **highest margin of error**.
*Sample B*
- With a sample size of 800, Sample B has a **smaller margin of error** than Sample A but a larger margin of error than Sample C.
- As the sample size increases, the precision of the estimate improves, and the margin of error decreases.
*Sample C*
- Sample C has the largest sample size (N=1000), which results in the **smallest margin of error** among all samples.
- A larger sample size generally provides a more accurate representation of the population.
*None of above*
- This option is incorrect because the sample size directly influences the margin of error, and Sample A clearly has the smallest size.
- Based on statistical principles, one of the samples must inherently have the highest margin of error.
Question 12: The program shown in the image is used for monitoring:
- A. OCP usage
- B. Chandler index
- C. Leprosy
- D. TB (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***TB***
- The image shows the **Nikshay** portal logo, which is India's web-based solution for **monitoring and management of Tuberculosis (TB)** patients under the **National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)**, formerly known as RNTCP.
- **Nikshay** serves as a comprehensive platform for recording patient data, treatment outcomes, and program performance specifically related to **TB surveillance and control**.
*Leprosy*
- **Leprosy monitoring** in India is handled through different programs like **NLEP (National Leprosy Eradication Programme)**, not through the Nikshay portal.
- The Nikshay system is specifically designed for **TB management**, not for leprosy case detection or monitoring.
*OCP usage*
- **OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill)** usage monitoring is part of **family planning programs** and reproductive health initiatives, completely unrelated to infectious disease surveillance.
- There is no connection between the **Nikshay portal** and contraceptive usage monitoring systems.
*Chandler index*
- The **Chandler index** is a forensic pathology measure used to describe **postmortem blood flow changes** in deceased individuals.
- It has no relevance to **public health monitoring programs** or disease surveillance systems like Nikshay.
