NEET-PG 2018 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following is not seen in the anterior mediastinum?

Neurogenic tumor. ***Neurogenic tumor*** - **Neurogenic tumors** typically arise from nerve tissue and are most commonly found in the **posterior mediastinum**. - The posterior mediastinum is the primary location for these tumors due to the presence of the **sympathetic chain**, intercostal nerves, and vagus nerve. *Thyroid tumour* - **Ectopic thyroid tissue** can be found in the anterior mediastinum, and this tissue can give rise to thyroid tumors [1]. - While less common than in the neck, substernal or **ectopic thyroid goiters** and carcinomas can present in this compartment [1]. *Thymoma* - The **thymus gland** is located in the anterior mediastinum, making thymoma (a tumor of the thymus) a classic anterior mediastinal mass [1]. - Thymomas are often associated with **paraneoplastic syndromes** like myasthenia gravis. *Lymphoma* - **Lymphatic tissue**, including lymph nodes, is plentiful in the anterior mediastinum [1]. - **Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma** frequently present as masses in the anterior mediastinum, often causing symptoms due to compression of surrounding structures [1]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements about Sibson's fascia is correct?

Covers apical part of lung. ***Covers apical part of lung*** - **Sibson's fascia**, also known as the **suprapleural membrane**, is a dense fascial layer that covers and reinforces the **apex of the lung** and pleura. - It protects the lung apex and helps to support structures in the **root of the neck**. *Part of scalenus anterior muscle* - Sibson's fascia is a **separate fascial structure** extending from the first rib to the C7 transverse process, and is not a part of the scalenus anterior muscle. - The **scalenus anterior muscle** is one of the muscles of the neck, and while anatomically related by proximity to the fascia, it is not structurally part of it. *Vessel pass above the fascia* - Key neurovascular structures like the **subclavian artery** and the **brachial plexus** pass *below* Sibson's fascia, as the fascia protects the lung apex. - The fascia acts as a barrier, separating the lung apex from the more superficial structures of the neck. *Attached to the inner border of 2nd rib* - Sibson's fascia is primarily attached to the **inner border of the first rib** and the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra. - Its attachment to the first rib is crucial for its supportive role over the lung apex. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Blowout fracture of the orbit most commonly involves?

Floor. ***Floor*** - The **orbital floor** is the most commonly fractured site in a blowout fracture due to its thinness and location, often leading to herniation of orbital contents into the maxillary sinus. - This type of fracture often results from a **sudden increase in intraorbital pressure** by a blunt trauma, causing the weakest part of the orbit to give way. *Medial wall* - While less common than floor fractures, the **medial wall** can also be fractured in a blowout injury, leading to herniation into the ethmoid sinuses. - Involvement of the medial wall can sometimes damage the **lacrimal drainage system** or the medial rectus muscle. *Lateral wall* - The **lateral wall** of the orbit is significantly thicker and more robust than the floor or medial wall, making isolated lateral wall fractures extremely rare. - Fractures of the lateral wall are usually associated with more extensive **zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC)** fractures or high-impact trauma. *Roof* - The **orbital roof** is composed of the frontal bone and is considerably stronger and thicker than the floor, making roof fractures uncommon in isolated blowout injuries. - Fractures of the orbital roof typically occur with **severe trauma** and are often associated with intracranial injury or damage to the frontal sinus. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: When does the basiocciput fuse with the basisphenoid?

5-7 years. Note: This is a NEET-PG 2018 previous year question. The provided options and marked answer reflect the exam's original content. However, standard anatomical references indicate that the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (junction between basiocciput and basisphenoid) typically fuses between 18-25 years of age, not in early childhood. 5-7 years (Marked as correct in original exam) - This was the expected answer in the NEET-PG 2018 exam. - However, standard anatomical texts (Gray's Anatomy, Standring) indicate that spheno-occipital fusion occurs much later, typically between 18-25 years. - There may be confusion with other cranial base developments that occur in early childhood. 2-4 years - This is earlier than even the exam's intended answer. - The spheno-occipital synchondrosis remains cartilaginous at this age. 8-10 years - Still within the childhood period. - The spheno-occipital synchondrosis typically remains unfused at this age. 12-15 years - Early to mid-adolescence. - The spheno-occipital synchondrosis is usually still present, though beginning to show signs of fusion in some individuals by late adolescence. Clinical Note: The fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis is an important forensic marker for age estimation, with complete fusion generally occurring by the mid-20s. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the primary tensor of the vocal cords?

Cricothyroid. ***Cricothyroid*** - The **cricothyroid muscle** is the principal tensor of the vocal cords, responsible for stretching and thinning them. - It achieves this by tilting the **thyroid cartilage** forward relative to the **cricoid cartilage**, increasing the distance between the **thyroid** and **arytenoid cartilages**. *Lateral Cricoarytenoid* - This muscle primarily functions as an **adductor** of the vocal cords, bringing them together. - It rotates the **arytenoid cartilages** medially, closing the **rima glottidis**. *Thyroarytenoids* - The **thyroarytenoid muscles** are located within the vocal cords and primarily act to **shorten and relax** the vocal cords. - They also contribute to **adduction** and can internally tense the vocal folds, but their main role is *not* primary tension. *Posterior cricoarytenoids* - The **posterior cricoarytenoid muscles** are the *only* muscles responsible for **abducting** (opening) the vocal cords. - They rotate the **arytenoid cartilages** laterally, thus widening the **rima glottidis**. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following is not seen in the anterior mediastinum?

Accepted Answer

Neurogenic tumor

Answer

Thyroid tumor

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Thymoma

Question 2

Which of the following statements about Sibson's fascia is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covers apical part of lung

Answer

Part of scalenus anterior muscle

Answer

Vessel pass above the fascia

Answer

Attached to the inner border of 2nd rib

Question 3

Blowout fracture of the orbit most commonly involves?

Accepted Answer

Floor

Answer

Medial wall

Answer

Lateral wall

Answer

Roof

Question 4

When does the basiocciput fuse with the basisphenoid?

Accepted Answer

5-7 years

Answer

8-10 years

Answer

2-4 years

Answer

12-15 years

Question 5

What is the primary tensor of the vocal cords?

Accepted Answer

Cricothyroid

Answer

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Answer

Thyroarytenoids

Answer

Posterior cricoarytenoids

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT part of the special visceral efferent column?

Accepted Answer

Accessory nerve

Answer

Nucleus ambiguus

Answer

Glossopharyngeal n

Answer

Vagus nerve

Question 7

What type of joint is formed by the costal cartilages of the 8th and 9th ribs?

Accepted Answer

Interchondral joint

Answer

Synovial joint

Answer

Costochondral joint

Answer

Costovertebral joint

Question 8

Acute tonsillitis affects which nerve:

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer

Facial Nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Answer

Vagus Nerve

Question 9

Ureteric bud develops from:

Accepted Answer

Mesonephros

Answer

Metanephros

Answer

Pronephros

Answer

Genital sinus

Question 10

Nerves of the Branchial arches are derived from:

Accepted Answer

Neuroectoderm

Answer

Mesoderm

Answer

Endoderm

Answer

Neural crest

NEET-PG 2018 — Anatomy