NEET-PG 2012 - Anatomy PYQs Practice Questions

Q: A patient is found to have a melanoma originating in the skin of the left forearm. After removal of the tumor from the forearm, all axillary lymph nodes lateral to the medial edge of the pectoralis minor muscle are removed. Which axillary nodes would not be removed?

Apical lymph nodes. ***Apical lymph nodes*** - The **apical lymph nodes** are located **medial** to the **medial border of the pectoralis minor muscle**, at the apex of the axilla (Level III) [2]. - Since the removal was restricted to nodes **lateral** to the medial edge of the pectoralis minor, the apical nodes would **not be removed**. - These nodes receive lymph from all other axillary node groups and drain into the subclavian lymphatic trunk. *Central lymph nodes* - **Central lymph nodes** are located **posterior to (deep to)** the pectoralis minor muscle, within the axillary fat (Level II) [1]. - They lie between the medial and lateral borders of the pectoralis minor and are generally considered to be **lateral** to the medial edge of the pectoralis minor, so they would be removed in this dissection. *Lateral lymph nodes* - **Lateral (humeral) lymph nodes** are found along the **lateral border** of the axilla, following the axillary vein (Level I) [1]. - These nodes drain the majority of the upper limb and are clearly **lateral** to the pectoralis minor muscle, so hese would be included in the dissection. *Pectoral lymph nodes* - **Pectoral (anterior) lymph nodes** lie along the **lower border** of the pectoralis minor muscle and the lateral thoracic vessels (Level I). - They receive lymph from the anterior and lateral thoracic walls and much of the breast. - These nodes are located **lateral** to the medial edge of the pectoralis minor and would be removed as part of the surgical procedure. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Deltoid ligament is attached to all, except which structure?

Medial cuneiform. ***Medial cuneiform*** - The **deltoid ligament** is located on the **medial side of the ankle** and primarily connects the **tibia** to several tarsal bones. It does not attach to the medial cuneiform. - The **medial cuneiform** is a midfoot bone primarily involved in the **tarsometatarsal joint** and is not a direct attachment site for the deltoid ligament. *Medial malleolus* - The **medial malleolus**, the distal end of the **tibia**, serves as the **proximal attachment point** for all four parts of the deltoid ligament. - This strong connection is crucial for **stabilizing the ankle joint** medially. *Navicular bone* - The **tibionavicular part** of the deltoid ligament attaches to the **tuberosity of the navicular bone**. - This attachment helps **limit excessive abduction** and **eversion** of the foot. *Sustentaculum tali* - The **tibiocalcaneal part** of the deltoid ligament attaches to the **sustentaculum tali** on the calcaneus. - This attachment provides significant stability to the **subtalar joint**. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which is derived from Wolffian duct?

Appendix of epididymis. The **appendix of the epididymis** is a vestigial structure directly derived from the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in males. It is an embryological remnant of this duct, located at the head of the epididymis. *Appendix of the testis* - The **appendix of the testis** (hydatid of Morgagni) is a remnant of the paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct, not the Wolffian duct. - It is usually found on the upper pole of the testis, typically near the epididymis. *Uterine structure* - **Uterine structures** (uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper vagina) are derived from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts in females [1]. - The Wolffian ducts largely regress in females due to the absence of testosterone. *Hydatid of Morgagni* - The term **hydatid of Morgagni** can refer to the appendix of the testis (Müllerian duct remnant) or, less commonly, to the appendix of the epididymis (Wolffian duct remnant). - However, in common clinical and anatomical usage, it almost exclusively refers to the **appendix of the testis**, which is a Müllerian duct derivative. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: All are derived from ectoderm except for which of the following?

Adrenal cortex. ***Adrenal cortex*** - The adrenal cortex is derived from the **intermediate mesoderm**, specifically from the cells lining the posterior abdominal wall. The cells migrate to develop into the adrenal cortex. - It produces various steroid hormones, including **aldosterone**, **cortisol**, and **androgens**, which regulate diverse bodily functions. *Lens of the eye* - The lens of the eye is derived from the **surface ectoderm**. It forms from an invagination of the surface ectoderm called the lens placode. - Its primary function is to **focus light** onto the retina. *Hair follicles* - Hair follicles develop from the **surface ectoderm** [1]; they are invaginations of the epidermis that extend into the dermis. - They produce hair, which provides **insulation** and **protection** [1]. *Nails* - Nails are also derivatives of the **surface ectoderm**, forming thickened plates on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges. - They provide **protection** to the fingertips and aid in grasping objects. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which muscle stabilizes the clavicle during movement of the shoulder?

Subclavius. ***Subclavius*** - The **subclavius muscle** originates from the first rib and inserts into the inferior surface of the clavicle, acting to **depress the clavicle** and prevent its displacement, thus enhancing shoulder stability during movement. - It plays a crucial role in protecting the underlying **neurovascular structures** (brachial plexus and subclavian vessels) from external trauma to the shoulder. *Pectoralis major* - This large, fan-shaped muscle primarily functions in **adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus** at the shoulder joint [1]. - It does not directly stabilize the clavicle but rather acts on the arm. *Latissimus dorsi* - The **latissimus dorsi** is a broad muscle of the back responsible for **extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the humerus** [1]. - Its actions are mainly on the humerus and it does not directly stabilize the clavicle. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** muscle primarily **protracts and rotates the scapula**, keeping it pressed against the thoracic wall. - While it's essential for **scapular stability** and overhead arm movements, it does not directly stabilize the clavicle. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

A patient is found to have a melanoma originating in the skin of the left forearm. After removal of the tumor from the forearm, all axillary lymph nodes lateral to the medial edge of the pectoralis minor muscle are removed. Which axillary nodes would not be removed?

Accepted Answer

Apical lymph nodes

Answer

Central lymph nodes

Answer

Lateral lymph nodes

Answer

Pectoral lymph nodes

Question 2

Deltoid ligament is attached to all, except which structure?

Accepted Answer

Medial cuneiform

Answer

Sustentaculum tali

Answer

Navicular bone

Answer

Medial malleolus

Question 3

Which is derived from Wolffian duct?

Accepted Answer

Appendix of epididymis

Answer

Appendix of the testis

Answer

Uterine structure

Answer

Hydatid of Morgagni

Question 4

All are derived from ectoderm except for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Answer

Hair follicles

Answer

Nails

Answer

Lens of the eye

Question 5

Which muscle stabilizes the clavicle during movement of the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Subclavius

Answer

Pectoralis major

Answer

Latissimus dorsi

Answer

Serratus anterior

Question 6

Nutrient artery runs ?

Accepted Answer

Away from epiphysis

Answer

Towards metaphysis

Answer

None of the options

Answer

Away from metaphysis

Question 7

Inferior parathyroid develops from which pharyngeal pouch?

Accepted Answer

3rd

Answer

1st

Answer

2nd

Answer

4th

Question 8

Which of the following is derived from endoderm?

Accepted Answer

Gall bladder

Answer

Lens

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Lymph nodes

Question 9

Skeletal derivative of 2nd pharyngeal arch -

Accepted Answer

Stapes

Answer

Malleus

Answer

Incus

Answer

Maxilla

Question 10

Which of the following structures is not derived from the ectoderm?

Accepted Answer

Eustachian tube

Answer

Brain

Answer

Retina

Answer

Lens

NEET-PG 2012 — Anatomy