FMGE 2023 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: The SAFE strategy given by WHO forms the mainstream of the management of Trachoma. What does the S in the acronym represent?

Surgery. ***Surgery*** - The 'S' in the WHO's SAFE strategy for Trachoma management stands for **Surgery**, which is essential for correcting **trichiasis** (in-turned eyelashes). - Surgery prevents irreversible vision loss by stopping the eyelashes from rubbing against and scarring the **cornea**. *Symptom* - Management of specific **symptoms** is generally an element of clinical treatment but does not represent a component of the comprehensive population-level intervention strategy known as SAFE. - The SAFE approach focuses on addressing the **infectious agent** (Antibiotics) and transmission factors (Facial cleanliness, Environmental improvement) for elimination. *Spectacles* - **Spectacles** are used for correcting refractive errors (like myopia or hyperopia) and are not a therapeutic measure for active **Chlamydia trachomatis** infection or trichiasis. - The goal of SAFE is elimination of the infectious cause and treatment of the blinding sequelae, not visual **refractive correction**. *Symbol* - A **symbol** is an abstract representation and does not constitute a concrete public health or clinical intervention necessary for the elimination of trachoma. - The other components (**Antibiotics**, **Facial cleanliness**, **Environmental improvement**) are tangible actions aimed at disease control and prevention. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A study was conducted to compare MMR vaccine history in children with autism and children without autism. What kind of study is being done here?

Case-control study. ***Case-control study***- This study design is **retrospective**, comparing the past frequency of an **exposure** (MMR vaccine history) between individuals with the **outcome** (autism - the cases) and individuals without the outcome (controls).- It is commonly used to investigate potential risk factors for rare outcomes, efficiently utilizing known data on disease status.*Cross-sectional study*- Exposure and disease outcome are measured **simultaneously** at a single point in time, assessing disease **prevalence**, not historical exposure differences.- It cannot establish a **temporal relationship** (i.e., whether the vaccine preceded the onset of autism) because exposure and disease are captured at the same time.*Cohort study*- Participants are selected based on their **exposure status** (e.g., vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated) and followed **prospectively** to see who develops the outcome (autism).- This design is inappropriate because the study starts with the outcome already defined (children *with* and *without* autism).*Clinical trial*- This is an **experimental study** where the investigator actively **intervenes** (e.g., assigns a treatment or vaccine) to evaluate its effect, often involving randomization.- The study described is **observational**, merely measuring the past exposure status in existing groups without any active intervention by the researcher. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The urban area of Delhi has 4000 people with different religions. Research is being done to study the dietary habits of the population. Which of the following techniques can be used to obtain a study sample?

Stratified random sampling. ***Stratified random sampling.***- This technique divides the population (Delhi area) into homogeneous subgroups (strata) based on the defining characteristic, which in this case is **religion**, to ensure proportional representation. - Since dietary habits are likely to vary significantly across different religious groups, stratification ensures that the study sample accurately reflects the **dietary heterogeneity** of the urban area. *Cluster random sampling*- **Cluster sampling** is typically used when the population is large and geographically dispersed; the basic unit sampled is a group (cluster), not the individual.- Selecting entire geographical clusters might not capture the full diversity of religious dietary habits, potentially leading to increased **sampling error**. *Simple random sampling*- **Simple random sampling** selects individuals purely randomly, irrespective of their subgroup (religious) membership.- This method risks selecting an inadequate number of individuals from smaller religious groups, thereby failing to accurately represent the **dietary practices** of the entire population. *Systematic random sampling*- **Systematic sampling** involves selecting every 'n'th member from a list and is logistically simple, but it does not account for the intrinsic heterogeneity (religion) of the population.- If the initial list is arranged in a pattern related to religious groups, this method could introduce a **hidden bias**, compromising the representativeness of the sample. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: How long should a couple use contraception post-vasectomy?

12-16 weeks. ***12-16 weeks***- Contraception is mandatory post-vasectomy until a follow-up semen analysis confirms **azoospermia** (complete absence of sperm).- The 12-16 week period accounts for the time needed for all existing sperm distal to the occlusion site to be ejaculated and cleared from the system.*4-6 weeks*- This time frame is generally too short to ensure complete clearance of all viable **sperm** stored in the **vas deferens** and related structures.- Relying on this duration significantly increases the risk of early **contraceptive failure** before azoospermia is achieved.*9-11 weeks*- While many men achieve clearance by the 9-week mark, the standard clinical protocol usually mandates waiting until **12 weeks** for the first definitive **semen analysis**.- Stopping contraception prematurely based on an estimated time frame, rather than laboratory confirmation, increases the hazard of unwanted pregnancy.*16-20 weeks*- Although safe, this duration unnecessarily exceeds the typical time required for the successful confirmation of **azoospermia**.- If the semen analysis at 12 weeks confirms **azoospermia**, contraception can typically cease immediately, making further delay unwarranted. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is not a component of the RCH program?

Women education and empowerment. ***Women education and empowerment*** - This component addresses **social determinants of health** and is a broader outcome or goal of improving health indicators, not a listed, direct service pillar of the RCH (Reproductive and Child Health) program. - RCH focuses on integrated delivery of specific health services like **Safe Motherhood**, Child Health, Family Planning, and RTI/STD management. *Safe motherhood* - This is a core component, encompassing services like **Antenatal Care (ANC)**, skilled birth attendance, and **Postnatal Care (PNC)** to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. - It emphasizes ensuring access to quality institutional delivery and emergency obstetric care (EOC). *Children and new-born care* - This is a critical component covering essential services such as **immunization**, management of neonatal and childhood illnesses (e.g., through **IMNCI**), and nutrition. - The goal is to reduce infant and child morbidity and mortality rates. *Screening and treatment of STD/RTI* - This element is integral to reproductive health, focusing on **prevention, diagnosis, and treatment** of Reproductive Tract Infections (RTI) and **Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)**. - It helps prevent complications like infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly important for ensuring safe motherhood. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

The SAFE strategy given by WHO forms the mainstream of the management of Trachoma. What does the S in the acronym represent?

Accepted Answer

Surgery

Answer

Spectacles

Answer

Symbol

Answer

Symptom

Question 2

A study was conducted to compare MMR vaccine history in children with autism and children without autism. What kind of study is being done here?

Accepted Answer

Case-control study

Answer

Clinical trial

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Cohort study

Question 3

The urban area of Delhi has 4000 people with different religions. Research is being done to study the dietary habits of the population. Which of the following techniques can be used to obtain a study sample?

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Systematic random sampling

Answer

Cluster random sampling

Question 4

How long should a couple use contraception post-vasectomy?

Accepted Answer

12-16 weeks

Answer

4-6 weeks

Answer

9-11 weeks

Answer

16-20 weeks

Question 5

Which of the following is not a component of the RCH program?

Accepted Answer

Women education and empowerment

Answer

Children and new-born care

Answer

Screening and treatment of STD/RTI

Answer

Safe motherhood

Question 6

A surveyor visits a household consisting of a 35-year-old man, his wife who is 6 weeks pregnant and a 3-year-old child. The man's brother along with his wife is currently visiting them for a month owing to winter vacation. What type of family would the surveyor classify the household?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear family

Answer

Third generation family

Answer

Joint family

Answer

Extended family

Question 7

What is the denominator in infant mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

1000

Answer

100

Answer

10,000

Answer

1,00,000

Question 8

Highest birth rate is seen in which stage of the demographic cycle?

Accepted Answer

Stage I

Answer

Stage II

Answer

Stage III

Answer

Stage IV

Question 9

During a vaccination drive, a male patient asks the presiding doctor if the recommended vaccine can lead to impotency. What type of barrier will the doctor be addressing?

Accepted Answer

Cultural barrier

Answer

Physiological barrier

Answer

Environmental barrier

Answer

Physical barrier

Question 10

A pregnant woman with a 2-year-old child gives a history of completing required antenatal vaccinations during her previous pregnancy. Which of the following would you recommend for her current pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Give a booster dose of TT

Answer

Give a booster dose of Td

Answer

Give 2 doses of TT

Answer

Give 2 doses of Td

FMGE 2023 — Community Medicine