Renal — Flashcards

In chronic renal failure, increased serum phosphate complexes Ca2+ and leads to decreased _____

Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by serum osmolality _____ 290 mOsm/kg

Hypocitraturia is often associated with _____ urine pH

In the thick ascending limb, NH4+ is reabsorbed and added to the _____ gradient

Excretion rate can be calculated using the equation: Excretion rate = _____

The [TF/P]urea ratio _____ over the course of the PCT

A hyper-osmotic disturbance refers to an increase in _____ osmolarity

What is the effect of increased serum PO43- on PTH secretion?_____

What is the effect of prerenal azotemia on GFR? _____

The external urethral sphincter predominantly expresses _____ receptors.