Renal — Flashcards

Flashcard 651: Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by _____ urine osmolality

Answer: low

Flashcard 652: B-cells with self-reactivity in the bone marrow are destroyed by clonal _____

Answer: deletion

Flashcard 653: K+ sparing diuretics exert their effects on the _____ (location) of the nephron

Answer: cortical collecting tubules

Flashcard 654: Which renal tubular defect presents similarly to chronic loop diuretic use? _____

Answer: Bartter syndrome

Flashcard 655: 25-OH vitamin D3 is converted to 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 in cells of the _____ of the nephron

Answer: PCT

Flashcard 656: _____ is defined as distilled water that is free of solutes

Answer: Free water

Flashcard 657: How does renal insufficiency cause secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer: 1. Renal insufficiency → ↓ phosphate excretion → ↑ serum phosphate 2. ↑ Phosphate binds calcium → ↓ free ionized calcium 3. ↓ 1α-hydroxylase activity → ↓ calcitriol (1,25-(OH)₂D) 4. Low calcium and low calcitriol → ↑ PTH release

Flashcard 658: Is kidney function in horseshoe kidney normal or abnormal? _____

Answer: Normal

Flashcard 659: What is the effect of prerenal azotemia on GFR? _____

Answer: Decreased GFR

Flashcard 660: The fraction of filtered water absorbed may be measured using the equation:_____

Answer: 1 - (1 / [U/P]inulin)

Extra: The fraction of filtered water reabsorbed is equal to 1 minus the fraction of water remaining in the tubule. Since inulin is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted, the ratio of urine inulin concentration to plasma inulin concentration ([U/P]inulin) represents how much the filtered fluid has been concentrated. Fraction of water remaining = 1 / [U/P]inulin Fraction of water reabsorbed = 1 - (1 / [U/P]inulin)