What component of tubular fluid is sensed at the macula densa? _____
Without ADH, the late distal tubule and collecting ducts are _____ to H2O
What is the effect of renal failure on prolactin levels?_____
In the absence of ADH, the corticopapillary osmotic gradient is _____ (larger or smaller)
Proximal renal tubular acidosis is associated with _____-kalemia
What is the driving force for reabsorption of NaCl in the late PCT? _____
85% of the filtered phosphate is reabsorbed in the _____
Travel through the early DCT results in _____ of the tubular fluid (concentration or dilution)
Living at high altitude chronically causes hypoxia which increases the synthesis of _____, causing polycythemia
What equation is used to calculate renal clearance? Cx = _____
Renal blood flow distribution
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Proximal tubule reabsorption
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Loop of Henle function
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Distal tubule and collecting duct function
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Concentration and dilution of urine
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Countercurrent multiplication system
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Sodium handling along the nephron
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Potassium balance and regulation
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Calcium and phosphate handling
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Magnesium handling
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Water balance and osmoregulation
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Diuretic mechanisms of action
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Integrated nephron function
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