Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 791: Interstitial fluid may enter, but not leave, the lymph vessels due to _____

Answer: one-way flap valves

Flashcard 792: Which cytokine increases MHC expression and antigen presentation on all cells?

Answer: Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

Extra: IFN-γ (Type II Interferon) increases the expression of both MHC Class I and MHC Class II molecules, thereby enhancing antigen presentation. Note: Type I Interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) primarily increase MHC Class I expression on all nucleated cells to aid in the antiviral response.

Flashcard 793: Which endocrine hormones use receptor-associated tyrosine kinases as their signaling pathway (4 + 2 bonus)?

Answer: 1. Prolactin, 2. Growth hormone, 3. Erythropoietin, 4. Leptin. Bonus: Cytokines (Interferons, Interleukins) and Thrombopoietin.

Flashcard 794: The major glucocorticoid produced in humans is _____

Answer: cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Flashcard 795: How does the cardiac output of the left heart compare to the right heart?_____

Answer: Equal (in steady state)

Flashcard 796: The _____ hypothalamus senses elevated body temperatures and mediates responses to dissipate heat

Answer: anterior

Flashcard 797: Salivary glands, eccrine sweat glands, and apocrine sweat glands are all examples of what type of exocrine gland?

Answer: Merocrine

Flashcard 798: Oxytocin is secreted in response to _____ during labor.

Answer: dilation of the cervix

Flashcard 799: _____ contractions are designed to propel the chyme along the small intestine towards the large intestine

Answer: Peristaltic

Flashcard 800: The B12-IF complex from the duodenum is transported to the _____, where it binds to cubilin and is endocytosed

Answer: terminal ileum