Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 701: Do lower motoneuron lesions present with clasp knife spasticity? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 702: The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland by both neural and endocrine pathways. Which lobe is connected by the **endocrine** (portal) pathway?

Answer: Anterior pituitary

Extra: The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) is connected to the hypothalamus via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (vascular/endocrine). The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) is connected via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract (neural axons).

Flashcard 703: Type _____ muscle fibers are increased in proportion after endurance training

Answer: I

Flashcard 704: What is the effect of increased temperature on testosterone production? _____

Answer: No effect

Flashcard 705: Normal _____ removes a thrombus after a damaged vessel heals

Answer: fibrinolysis (process)

Flashcard 706: What is the major source of energy after a few minutes of exercise? _____

Answer: Aerobic metabolism

Flashcard 707: One function of cholecystokinin is to _____ gastric emptying

Answer: decrease

Flashcard 708: What antibodies in plasma do patients with the O blood type have? (Identify name and isotype)

Answer: Anti-A and Anti-B (mostly IgG)

Extra: Patients with blood type O have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma. Unlike individuals with type A or B blood (who primarily have IgM antibodies), type O individuals have predominantly **IgG** antibodies. This is clinically significant because IgG can cross the placenta, potentially causing ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Flashcard 709: Why does lactation not occur during pregnancy, even though prolactin levels are increasing? _____

Answer: Progesterone and estrogen downregulate prolactin receptors on the breast

Flashcard 710: The vestibular nuclei sends axons to ipsilateral antigravity muscles via the lateral _____ tract to maintain upright and balanced posture

Answer: vestibulospinal