Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 471: Thyroid hormone increases cardiac output, heart rate, and contractility by upregulating _____ receptors.

Answer: β1-adrenergic

Extra: Thyroid hormones (T3/T4) increase the expression of cardiac β1-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased sensitivity to catecholamines. The '4 B's' of Thyroid Hormone: 1. **B**rain maturation 2. **B**one growth 3. **B**eta-adrenergic effects (↑ CO, HR, SV, contractility) 4. **B**asal metabolic rate (↑ Na+/K+-ATPase activity)

Flashcard 472: How does growth hormone affect protein synthesis and lean body mass? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 473: Gastric HCl secretion during the _____ phase is mediated by both vagal stimulation and direct gastrin release

Answer: gastric

Flashcard 474: What effect does carotid massage have on conduction through the AV node? _____

Answer: Slowed conduction

Flashcard 475: Perfusion only during diastole, high O2 extraction and tightly coupled O2 demand and blood flow is characteristic of _____ muscle

Answer: cardiac

Flashcard 476: If a patient has insufficient production of testosterone and is a male genotype, will they have: - Breasts? _____ - Uterus? _____

Answer: -

Flashcard 477: What is the effect of cryptorchidism on inhibin B levels? _____

Answer: Decreased (due to decreased Sertoli cell activity)

Extra: * sertoli male = granulosa female

Flashcard 478: Which immune cell(s) secretes IL-8? _____

Answer: Macrophages

Flashcard 479: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found on the _____ gland

Answer: adrenal

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics

Flashcard 480: The germ cells of the male gonads produce _____

Answer: spermatogonia