Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 1061: Decreased activity of the Ca2+-Na+ exchanger (e.g. due to cardiac glycosides) causes _____ intracellular Ca2+ concentration

Answer: increased

Flashcard 1062: How does growth hormone affect protein synthesis and lean body mass?_____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 1063: Which phase of the cell cycle are secondary oocytes arrested in until fertilization?_____

Answer: Metaphase II (of meiosis II)

Flashcard 1064: COX-_____ is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells

Answer: 2

Flashcard 1065: Testosterone may promote _____ of epiphyseal plates

Answer: premature closure

Flashcard 1066: Activation of which adrenergic receptor increases insulin secretion?

Answer: Beta-2 (β2) receptors

Extra: Sympathetic influence on insulin secretion: • α2 receptors: Decrease insulin secretion (dominant effect) • β2 receptors: Increase insulin secretion

Flashcard 1067: What unique antibodies in plasma do patients with the Rh- blood type have?_____

Answer: None naturally (Anti-D antibodies only develop after exposure to Rh+ blood)

Extra: Unlike the ABO system where antibodies are naturally occurring, Rh-negative individuals do not have anti-D antibodies unless they have been sensitized by Rh-positive blood (e.g., via transfusion or pregnancy).

Flashcard 1068: What is the effect of estrogen on levels of HDL? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 1069: In the _____, the T cell differentiates into a CD4+ or CD8+ T cell

Answer: thymic cortex

Flashcard 1070: What is the effect of sleep on growth hormone secretion?_____

Answer: Increased