Cardiovascular — Flashcards

Flashcard 1051: Testosterone may promote _____ of epiphyseal plates

Answer: premature closure

Flashcard 1052: Human placental lactogen increases maternal _____

Answer: lipolysis and insulin resistance

Extra: Human placental lactogen (hPL), also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast. Its primary role is to ensure nutrient availability for the fetus by: 1. Increasing maternal lipolysis (to provide fatty acids as energy for the mother). 2. Inducing maternal insulin resistance (to decrease maternal glucose uptake, sparing glucose for the fetus).

Flashcard 1053: What part of an antigen should be preserved to elicit an immune response when given as an inactivated/killed vaccine? _____

Answer: Epitope

Flashcard 1054: What is the major stimulus for oxytocin secretion?_____

Answer: Suckling of the breast

Flashcard 1055: What unique antibodies in plasma do patients with the Rh- blood type have?_____

Answer: None naturally (Anti-D antibodies only develop after exposure to Rh+ blood)

Extra: Unlike the ABO system where antibodies are naturally occurring, Rh-negative individuals do not have anti-D antibodies unless they have been sensitized by Rh-positive blood (e.g., via transfusion or pregnancy).

Flashcard 1056: COX-_____ is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells

Answer: 2

Flashcard 1057: Decreased activity of the Ca2+-Na+ exchanger (e.g. due to cardiac glycosides) causes _____ intracellular Ca2+ concentration

Answer: increased

Flashcard 1058: T-cells and B-cells become _____ when exposed to their antigen without a costimulatory signal

Answer: anergic

Flashcard 1059: Where in the spleen do Splenic Macrophages capture blood-borne antigens for recognition by lymphocytes? _____

Answer: Marginal zone

Flashcard 1060: Which phase of the cell cycle are secondary oocytes arrested in until fertilization?_____

Answer: Metaphase II (of meiosis II)