Antivirals — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit viral uncoating? _____

Answer: Amantadine and Rimantadine

Flashcard 172: Maraviroc inhibits _____ of HIV binding to the chemokine receptor _____

Answer: gp120

Flashcard 173: In subsequent steps of bioactivation, -cyclovirs are converted to the _____ form by specific cellular kinases

Answer: triphosphate

Extra: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir are first phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase to a monophosphate form. Host cellular kinases then perform the subsequent phosphorylations to create the active triphosphate form, which inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination.

Flashcard 174: Which type of HAART drug is Lopinavir? _____

Answer: Protease inhibitor

Flashcard 175: Which influenza vaccine is administered intranasally? _____

Answer: Live, attenuated

Flashcard 176: Which group of "-cyclovir" drugs is bioactivated by **HSV/VZV thymidine kinase**? _____ (vs. Ganciclovir/Valganciclovir)

Answer: Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir

Extra: Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Famciclovir require a viral kinase (Thymidine Kinase) for the first phosphorylation. Because human cells lack this specific enzyme, the drug is only activated in infected cells, leading to high selectivity and fewer side effects. Contrast: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are primarily bioactivated by the CMV kinase (UL97).

Flashcard 177: Lack of viral thymidine kinase to phosphorylate acyclovir explains why the drug is not effective against _____

Answer: CMV

Extra: Acyclovir is a prodrug that must be phosphorylated by **viral thymidine kinase** to become active. - **HSV** and **VZV** possess this enzyme. - **CMV** lacks this enzyme (it uses UL97 kinase instead), which is why acyclovir is not effective against it. - **EBV** has minimal clinical response to acyclovir.

Flashcard 178: Which two anti-influenza drugs have a high rate of resistance (no longer recommended)? _____

Answer: Amantadine; Rimantadine

Flashcard 179: What class of drugs inhibits HIV DNA integration into host cell genomes? _____

Answer: Integrase inhibitors

Flashcard 180: Interferon _____ may be used to treat multiple sclerosis

Answer: β

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis)