Antihypertensives — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: Thiazide diuretics may cause _____-calcemia as an adverse effect

Answer: hyper

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics)

Flashcard 52: Hydralazine exerts its effects by increasing levels of _____, causing smooth muscle relaxation

Answer: cGMP

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives)

Flashcard 53: What is the treatment for Liddle syndrome? _____

Answer: Amiloride

Flashcard 54: What effect does aliskiren have on GFR? _____

Answer: Decreased GFR

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states:

Flashcard 55: Decreased GFR due to loss of efferent constriction causes AKI in patients with _____ artery stenosis taking _____

Answer: bilateral renal

Extra: In patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis (or stenosis in a solitary kidney), GFR is dependent on Angiotensin II-mediated efferent arteriolar constriction to maintain glomerular capillary pressure. ACE inhibitors (and ARBs) block this effect, leading to efferent vasodilation, a precipitous drop in GFR, and AKI.

Flashcard 56: β-blockers may decrease BP by inhibiting β1 receptors of the JGA, thus decreasing _____ release

Answer: renin

Extra: Other:

Flashcard 57: In diabetics, ACE inhibitors decrease intraglomerular pressure, thus slowing _____ thickening

Answer: glomerular basement membrane

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states:

Flashcard 58: Side effects of direct arteriolar vasodilators (minoxidil, hydralazine) include reflex _____, which can result in tachycardia and peripheral edema

Answer: sympathetic activation

Flashcard 59: Which renal tubular acidosis may be caused by ACE inhibitors? _____

Answer: Hyperkalemic (type 4) RTA

Flashcard 60: What adverse effect may pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine have on blood pressure? _____

Answer: Increased BP (Hypertension)

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Respiratory