Antihypertensives — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during _____ due to possible _____ effects

Answer: pregnancy

Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal

Flashcard 22: _____, a(n) biguanide, is the first line oral agent for the management of type 2 diabetes

Answer: Metformin

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes)

Flashcard 23: What effect may ACE inhibitors have on potassium levels? _____

Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)

Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Due to decreased aldosterone (less Na in, less K out)

Flashcard 24: Hydralazine can cause hypotension, which may induce a reflex _____ that can worsen angina

Answer: tachycardia

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives)

Flashcard 25: IV Ca2+ channel blockers, such as nicardipine and clevidipine, cause _____ dilation, which is useful for the treatment of hypertensive emergency

Answer: arteriolar

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives)

Flashcard 26: ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in bilateral _____

Answer: renal artery stenosis

Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal

Flashcard 27: What drug may be useful in the treatment of hypertension-induced by hypercortisolism? _____ *bonus: via what mechanism?

Answer: Spironolactone

Flashcard 28: The following drugs are recommended for the treatment of _____: - Thiazide diuretics - ACE inhibitors - ARBs - Dihydropyridine CCBs

Answer: primary (essential) hypertension

Extra: First-line antihypertensive agents for uncomplicated primary hypertension. Beta-blockers are no longer considered first-line for uncomplicated hypertension in most current guidelines (e.g., JNC 8, ACC/AHA).

Flashcard 29: β-blockers _____ production of renin

Answer: inhibit

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics (β-blockers)

Flashcard 30: α-methyldopa may cause a direct Coombs test _____ hemolysis

Answer: (+)

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Autonomics (α drugs)