Growth/Development — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: A child wishes to know more about his/her illness.

Answer: Ask what parents have told the child about their illness. In most cases, parents decide what information can be relayed.

Flashcard 2: What is the primary clinical utility of the APGAR score?

Answer: Immediate need for resuscitation and response to resuscitation. (Note: It is NOT a good predictor of long-term neurological outcome or mortality for an individual infant.)

Flashcard 3: What are the components of the APGAR score?

Answer: Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration

Flashcard 4: Which pediatric hip condition is strongly associated with obesity?\n_____

Answer: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 5: Which demographic has the following top 3 causes of cancer **mortality** in the United States? 1. Leukemia 2. Brain and other CNS 3. Neuroblastoma _____

Answer: Children (age 0-14)

Extra: In children (0-14 years), the top 3 causes of both cancer incidence and mortality are the same: 1. Leukemia 2. Brain and other CNS 3. Neuroblastoma This is a high-yield distinction from adults, where the #1 cause of cancer mortality is Lung cancer, but the #1 cause of incidence is Prostate (men) or Breast (women).

Flashcard 6: Eosinophilic esophagitis presents similarly to severe GERD and often occurs in _____

Answer: children

Extra:  * whereas GERD usually occurs in adults Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 7: **Apgar Score: Grimace (Reflex Irritability)** 0: _____ 1: Grimace or weak cry 2: Cries, coughs, or pulls away

Answer: No response to stimulation

Extra: The APGAR score is typically calculated at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. | Component | 0 Points | 1 Point | 2 Points | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **A**ppearance | Blue/Pale | Acrocyanosis | Completely pink | | **P**ulse | Absent | < 100 bpm | > 100 bpm | | **G**rimace | No response | Grimace/Weak cry | Cry, sneeze, cough | | **A**ctivity | Limp | Some flexion | Active motion | | **R**espiration | Absent | Slow/Irregular | Good cry |

Flashcard 8: What is the most common cause of iron deficiency in children? _____

Answer: Poor diet

Extra:   Watch Iron Deficiency Anemia & Anemia of Chronic Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-microcytic-anemias-iron-deficiency-anemia-and-anemia-of-chronic-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 9: Children < _____ years old should ride in the back seat (away from front-facing airbags)

Answer: 13

Extra: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that all children younger than 13 years ride in the back seat to avoid potential injury from front-facing airbags.

Flashcard 10: _____ syndrome, also known as dwarfism, is due to defective growth hormone receptors, causing decreased linear growth

Answer: Laron

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki