Puberty stages (Tanner stages) — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Constitutional delay of growth and puberty is quantified by _____ radio-graphic studies of the left hand and wrist

Answer: bone age

Flashcard 2: In Tanner stage _____, a person is pre-pubertal (childhood) with no pubic hair and a flat chest

Answer: I

Flashcard 3: In Tanner stage _____, the penis width and glans increases and the breast enlarges with raised areola

Answer: IV

Flashcard 4: A child wishes to know more about his/her illness.

Answer: Ask what parents have told the child about their illness. In most cases, parents decide what information can be relayed.

Flashcard 5: What is the primary clinical utility of the APGAR score?

Answer: Immediate need for resuscitation and response to resuscitation. (Note: It is NOT a good predictor of long-term neurological outcome or mortality for an individual infant.)

Flashcard 6: What are the components of the APGAR score?

Answer: Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration

Flashcard 7: Which pediatric hip condition is strongly associated with obesity?\n_____

Answer: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 8: Which demographic has the following top 3 causes of cancer **mortality** in the United States? 1. Leukemia 2. Brain and other CNS 3. Neuroblastoma _____

Answer: Children (age 0-14)

Extra: In children (0-14 years), the top 3 causes of both cancer incidence and mortality are the same: 1. Leukemia 2. Brain and other CNS 3. Neuroblastoma This is a high-yield distinction from adults, where the #1 cause of cancer mortality is Lung cancer, but the #1 cause of incidence is Prostate (men) or Breast (women).

Flashcard 9: Eosinophilic esophagitis presents similarly to severe GERD and often occurs in _____

Answer: children

Extra:  * whereas GERD usually occurs in adults Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: **Apgar Score: Grimace (Reflex Irritability)** 0: _____ 1: Grimace or weak cry 2: Cries, coughs, or pulls away

Answer: No response to stimulation

Extra: The APGAR score is typically calculated at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. | Component | 0 Points | 1 Point | 2 Points | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | **A**ppearance | Blue/Pale | Acrocyanosis | Completely pink | | **P**ulse | Absent | < 100 bpm | > 100 bpm | | **G**rimace | No response | Grimace/Weak cry | Cry, sneeze, cough | | **A**ctivity | Limp | Some flexion | Active motion | | **R**espiration | Absent | Slow/Irregular | Good cry |