Inflammation — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: Osteoarthritis starts as a result of the release of _____ from chondrocytes, which exacerbates the inflammation via a positive feedback loop

Answer: cytokines

Flashcard 12: Serum sickness presents with fever, urticaria, arthralgia, proteinuria, and lymphadenopathy _____ - _____ weeks after antigen exposure

Answer: 1

Extra: Atlas: most commonly caused by β-lactams and sulfa drugs; symptoms typically resolve with withdrawal of the offending agent

Flashcard 13: In RA, macrophages, pathogens, and synovial tissue express peptidylarginine deaminase, which converts arginine residues to citrulline leading to antigen presentation and activation of _____ cells

Answer: CD4+ helper T

Flashcard 14: What is the mode of inheritance of Familial Mediterranean fever? _____

Answer: Autosomal recessive

Flashcard 15: What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Goodpasture syndrome? _____

Answer: Type II HSR

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 16: What component of granulation tissue provides nutrients? _____

Answer: Capillaries

Flashcard 17: What abnormal cell (seen on blood smear) is associated with infectious mononucleosis? _____

Answer: Atypical lymphocytes (reactive CD8+ T-cells)

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 18: Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by cross-linking IgE on presensitized mast cells and basophils? _____

Answer: Type I HSR

Flashcard 19: _____ mastitis is inflammation of subareolar ducts

Answer: Periductal

Flashcard 20: How do phagocytes in CGD patients kill catalase-negative organisms?\n_____

Answer: Use H2O2 produced by invading organisms to produce HOCl (bleach)

Extra: In Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), there is a deficiency in NADPH oxidase, preventing the production of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the phagocyte itself. However, myeloperoxidase (MPO) is usually functional. Catalase-negative organisms (like Streptococci) produce H2O2 as a byproduct but cannot neutralize it. Phagocytes "borrow" this bacterial H2O2 and use MPO to convert it into HOCl (bleach), allowing them to kill the bacteria. Catalase-positive organisms (like S. aureus) neutralize their own H2O2, leaving the phagocyte with no substrate to make HOCl.