Granulomatous inflammation — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Caseating granulomas with a central necrosis and _____ cells are characteristic of secondary tuberculosis

Answer: Langhans giant (specific)

Flashcard 2: Granulomas due to sarcoidosis may have _____ bodies, which are calcium and protein inclusions inside of giant cells

Answer: Schaumann

Flashcard 3: Which cytokine is responsible for maintaining granulomas in TB infection? _____

Answer: TNF-α (from macrophages)

Flashcard 4: Granuloma formation: Interaction between macrophages and Th cells causes macrophages to secrete _____, which induces Th1 differentiation

Answer: IL-12

Flashcard 5: Which type of granuloma exhibits central necrosis? _____

Answer: Caseating granulomas

Flashcard 6: Lymph node biopsy in cat scratch disease reveals _____ resembling those seen in lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Answer: stellate granulomas

Extra: Cat scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae. Note: Do not confuse 'stellate granulomas' (necrotizing) with 'asteroid bodies' (stellate inclusions) seen in Sarcoidosis (non-caseating). Watch Bartonella henselae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-bartonella-henselae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]

Flashcard 7: Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis is characterized by "_____" of capillaries on light microscopy

Answer: wire looping

Extra:   Watch Nephritic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephritic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephritic-syndromes?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephritic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 8: Which type of granuloma exhibits central necrosis? _____

Answer: Caseating granulomas

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/inflammation-and-neoplasia/wound-healing/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: Is damage in the zone of hyperemia reversible (and if yes, does it need treatment)? _____

Answer: Yes, without treatment

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: Rheumatoid arthritis may present with a(n) _____, characterized by inflamed granulation tissue inside the joint capsule

Answer: pannus

Extra: Pannus (inflamed granulation tissue) is a hallmark of Rheumatoid Arthritis. It eventually leads to erosion of articular cartilage and bone.