Atypical — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer:

Extra: Eaton's agaratypical "walking" pneumoniamacrolide or flouroquinolone

Flashcard 2: What are the key associations to remember for cold agglutinin?

Answer: IgM, Mycoplasma, Mononucleosis (EBV)

Flashcard 3: Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Extra: pneumonia with insidious onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltratelung X-ray: diffuse interstitial inflitratemacrolide or flouroquinolone<30 y/o, military recruits and prisoners

Flashcard 4: What factor explains Mycoplasma's inability to Gram stain?

Answer: no cell wall!

Flashcard 5: Nocardia spp.

Answer: +

Extra: branching filaments resembling fungiaerobeacid fastpneumonia in immunocompromised, cutaneous infections of trauma in immunocompetentsulfonamides

Flashcard 6: tuberculoid leprosy

Answer: Mycobacterium leprae

Extra: few hairless skin plaques6 months of dapsone and rifampin

Flashcard 7: Mycobacterium leprae

Answer: +

Extra: bacillicannot be cultured in vitroacid fastleprosy (aka Hansen's disease)armadillos

Flashcard 8: Mycobacterium avium

Answer: +

Extra: bacilliacid fastdisseminated non-TB dsease in immunocompromisedazithromycin

Flashcard 9: Mycobacterium kansasii

Answer: +

Extra: bacilliacid fastmimics pulmonay TB

Flashcard 10: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer: +

Extra: bacilliacid fasttuberculosis

Flashcard 11: What culture medium is used to isolate Legionella spp.?

Answer: Charcoal yeast agar with cysteine and iron

Flashcard 12: What culture medium is used to isolate M pneumoniae?

Answer: Eaton's agar

Flashcard 13: Ziehl-Neelsen (carbolfuchsin)

Answer: Mycobacterium, Nocardia

Flashcard 14: Why are Rickettsia, Chlaymidia, and Legionella difficult to gram stain?

Answer: They are intracellular bacteria.

Flashcard 15: How can Mycbacteria be visualized microscopically?

Answer: acid-fast stain

Flashcard 16: Which bacteria tend not to Gram stain?

Answer: Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia mnemonic: These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color

Flashcard 17: What is unique about the cell wall of Mycobacteria?

Answer: contains mycolic acid, high lipid content

Flashcard 18: What is unique about the cell wall of Mycoplasma?

Answer: it is absent

Flashcard 19: Give examples of bacteria that do not have a cell wall.

Answer: Mycoplasma

Flashcard 20: _____ bacteria cannot synthesize their own ATP, instead depending on the host for supply

Answer: Obligate intracellular

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: Which life cycle stage of Chlamydia spp. is intracellular? _____

Answer: Reticular Body

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: A unique symptom of rickettsia species is _____

Answer: vasculitis with rash

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: What is the most specific test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae? _____

Answer: PCR

Extra:   Watch Mycoplasma pneumoniae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-mycoplasma-pneumoniae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: _____ pyuria is the presence of pyuria (> 10 WBCs/hpf and leukocyte esterase) with a negative urine culture

Answer: Sterile

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/uti/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: Mycobacterium avium complex includes _____ and _____

Answer: Mycobacterium avium

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Flashcard 26: Intra-cellular bacteria do not _____ stain well, including Rickettsia, Chlamydia and Legionella

Answer: gram

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: Can Chlamydia spp. produce its own ATP? _____

Answer: No

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: Rickettsia is technically a gram _____, however it doesn't gram stain well at all

Answer: negative organism

Extra:  Watch Rickettsia overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: What stain is used to visualize Rickettsia? _____

Answer: Giemsa

Extra:  Watch Rickettsia overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 30: _____ causes atypical (walking) pneumonia most commonly in the elderly

Answer: Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki  Chlamydia pneumoniae infection Chest x-ray (AP view) The heart and vascular bundles are centrally placed. There are prominent vascular markings seen around both hilum and lower lobes. The left hemidiaphragm is clearly demarcated; the right hemidiaphragm is uneven. Both costodiaphragmatic recesses are clear. There is a heterogeneous opacity in the right middle and lower lung field (green overlay). Breast shadows can be seen on both sides. These findings are characteristic of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Chlamydophilia pneumoniae infection X-ray; lateral view Inhomogenous, dull density in the right lung, mainly in the middle lobe (ML). LL = lower lobe 

Flashcard 31: What stain is used to visualize Chlamydia spp.? _____

Answer: Giemsa

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 32: Chlamydia pneumoniae is the second most common cause of _____ pneumonia in young adults

Answer: atypical

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 33: Mycoplasma pneumonia requires _____ to grow, which is present in Eaton's Agar

Answer: cholesterol

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 34: How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmitted? _____

Answer: Inhalation of droplets

Extra:   Watch Mycoplasma pneumoniae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-mycoplasma-pneumoniae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 35: Which Rickettsia spp. is characterized by a rash that starts at the trunk, spreading outwards to the extremities? _____

Answer: Rickettsia prowazekii; Rickettsia typhi

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Flashcard 36: The _____ is an agglutination test used to diagnose Rickettsia spp.

Answer: Weil-Felix test

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 37: Are autoclaves reliable for inactivating prions? _____

Answer: No

Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 38: Ureaplasma urealyticum is a(n) _____-positive bacteria related to Mycoplasma that commonly causes urocystitis (and prostatitis)

Answer: urease

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Flashcard 39: Mycobacterium leprae is an obligate _____ bacteria

Answer: intracellular

Extra:   Watch Leprae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-mycobacteria-mycobacterium-leprae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 40: _____ is a Rickettsial-like disease that can be obtained via aerosolized spores released from tick feces or cattle placenta

Answer: Q Fever

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Flashcard 41: Due to Chlamydia spp. being obligate intracellular bacteria, they gram stain _____

Answer: poorly

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Flashcard 42: Which stain is used to best visualize Chlamydia? _____

Answer: Giemsa stain

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 43: Which life cycle stage of Chlamydia spp. is extracellular? _____

Answer: Elementary body

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 44: What is the most common cause of pneumonia in individuals living in close quarters? _____

Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Extra:   Watch Mycoplasma pneumoniae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-mycoplasma-pneumoniae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 45: Which serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis are associated with Neonatal Conjunctivitis? _____

Answer: D-K

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 46: _____ is used to isolate Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as it contains cholesterol necessary for growth

Answer: Eaton agar

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 47: What is the gram stain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae? _____

Answer: None (no cell wall)

Extra:   Watch Mycoplasma pneumoniae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-mycoplasma-pneumoniae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/microbiology/videos/fundamentals-of-bacteriology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 48: Rickettsia spp. is _____ and thus cannot make its own ATP

Answer: obligate intracellular

Extra:  Watch Rickettsia rickettsii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-rickettsii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/microbiology/videos/fundamentals-of-bacteriology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 49: _____ causes atypical (walking) pneumonia most commonly transmitted by bird droppings

Answer: Chlamydophila psittaci

Extra:   Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 50: _____ does not gram stain due to lack of a cell wall. Its cell membrane instead has sterols for stability

Answer: Mycoplasma

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/microbiology/videos/fundamentals-of-bacteriology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 51: The incubation period for Rickettsia rickettsii is somewhere between _____ days

Answer: 2-14

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Flashcard 52: Coxiella burnetti is an obligate intracellular bug that forms _____ in animal feces

Answer: spores

Extra:  Watch Coxiella burnetii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-coxiella-burnetii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 53: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a bacteria associated with Ig_____ _____ agglutination of RBCs

Answer: M

Extra:   Watch Mycoplasma pneumoniae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-mycoplasma-pneumoniae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 54: What is the etiology of Endemic Typhus? _____

Answer: Rickettsia typhi

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 55: Which cause of sterile urethritis does not gram stain well? _____

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 56: 1st stage of Chlamydia spp. life cycle: _____

Answer: elementary

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Flashcard 57: What gram stain is Mycoplasma pneumoniae characterized by? _____

Answer: No stain (lacks cell wall)

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 58: Rocky mountain spotted fever = _____

Answer: Rickettsia rickettsii

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 59: Can prions be killed via autoclaving?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 60: Mycobacteria leprae grows extensively in _____, which have a cooler core body temperature

Answer: armadillos (animal)

Flashcard 61: Mycobacterium avium complex grows best at _____C

Answer: 41

Flashcard 62: Mycobacterium _____ causes cervical lymphadenitis in children

Answer: scrofulaceum

Flashcard 63: How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmitted?_____

Answer: Inhalation of droplets

Flashcard 64: _____ infection is a cause of atypical pneumonia with high fever (Q fever)

Answer: Coxiella burnetii

Flashcard 65: Which cause of sterile urethritis does not gram stain well?_____

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Flashcard 66: The natural life cycle of Rickettsia prowazekii generally involves a vertebrate (usually squirrel) and an invertebrate host _____

Answer: human body louse

Flashcard 67: Rickettsia spp. is _____ and thus cannot make its own ATP

Answer: obligate intracellular

Flashcard 68: Why doesn't Rickettsia gram stain well?_____

Answer: Intracellular parasite

Flashcard 69: Which Rickettsia spp. commonly affects military camp recruits and POWs?_____

Answer: Rickettsia prowazekii

Flashcard 70: What is the etiology of Endemic Typhus?_____

Answer: Rickettsia typhi

Flashcard 71: Which stain is used to best visualize Borrelia?_____

Answer: Giemsa

Flashcard 72: Can pathologic prions convert normal prions into pathologic prions? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 73: Which stain is used to best visualize Chlamydia?_____

Answer: Giemsa stain

Flashcard 74: Which bacteria often causes subacute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and hence often goes undiagnosed?_____

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K

Flashcard 75: Which life cycle stage of Chlamydia spp. is extracellular?_____

Answer: Elementary body

Flashcard 76: _____ requires selective media such as Middlebrook medium and rapid automated broth cultures.

Answer: M. tuberculosis

Flashcard 77: What stain is used to visualize Rickettsia?_____

Answer: Giemsa

Flashcard 78: What is the etiology of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?_____

Answer: Rickettsia rickettsii

Flashcard 79: Which life cycle stage of Chlamydia spp. undergoes replication?_____

Answer: Reticular Body

Flashcard 80: _____ is the most common cause of atypical pneumonia in young adults

Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Flashcard 81: Mycobacteria tuberculosis primarily resides and proliferates in _____ (cell type)

Answer: macrophages

Flashcard 82: What is the etiology of Endemic Typhus?_____

Answer: Rickettsia typhi

Flashcard 83: _____ is a Rickettsial disease that can be obtained via aerosolized spores released from tick feces or cattle placenta.

Answer: Q Fever

Flashcard 84: Cells infected with Chlamydia spp. will show _____ under microscope

Answer: inclusion/reticulate bodies

Flashcard 85: What is the etiology of Epidemic Typhus?_____

Answer: Rickettsia prowazekii

Flashcard 86: 1st stage of Chlamydia spp. life cycle: _____

Answer: elementary

Flashcard 87: What stain is used to visualize Chlamydia spp.?_____

Answer: Giemsa

Flashcard 88: What is the definitive test for diagnosing Legionnaires' disease (Legionella pneumophila)?_____

Answer: Sputum culture

Flashcard 89: Which Rickettsia spp. can result in pneumonia?_____

Answer: Rickettsia prowazekii

Flashcard 90: Which form of Chlamydia spp. is infectious?_____

Answer: Elementary body

Flashcard 91: Lysis of the cell results in _____ spp. returning back to the elementary body from the reticular body

Answer: Chlamydia

Flashcard 92: 2nd stage of Chlamydia spp. life cycle: _____

Answer: reticular

Flashcard 93: Exposure to _____ will always* result in a positive PPD test

Answer: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bug name)

Flashcard 94: Which life cycle stage of Chlamydia spp. is intracellular?_____

Answer: Reticular Body

Flashcard 95: What is the gram stain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?_____

Answer: None (no cell wall)

Flashcard 96: What culture is used to grow Mycoplasma pneumoniae?_____

Answer: Eaton agar

Flashcard 97: What is the vector for Endemic Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)?_____

Answer: Fleas

Flashcard 98: _____ bacteria cannot synthesize their own ATP, instead depending on the host for supply

Answer: Obligate intracellular

Flashcard 99: Can Chlamydia spp. produce its own ATP?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 100: Mycoplasma pneumonia requires _____ to grow, which is present in Eaton's Agar

Answer: cholesterol

Flashcard 101: Which stain is best used to visualize Rickettsiae?_____

Answer: Giemsa

Flashcard 102: Chlamydia spp. cell walls lack _____

Answer: muramic acid

Flashcard 103: What is the most specific test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?_____

Answer: PCR

Flashcard 104: What is the vector for Epidemic Typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki)?_____

Answer: Human Body Louse

Flashcard 105: What is the most common cause of pneumonia in individuals living in close quarters?_____

Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Flashcard 106: What gram stain is Mycoplasma pneumoniae characterized by?_____

Answer: No stain (lacks cell wall)

Flashcard 107: What is the rapid test for diagnosing Legionnaires' disease (Legionella pneumophila)?_____

Answer: **PCR**, Urine antigen test

Flashcard 108: What is the shape of Rickettsia spp.?_____

Answer: Coccobacillus