Liver disease — Flashcards

Flashcard 491: What are the treatments (2) for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I? _____

Answer: Plasmapheresis and phototherapy

Flashcard 492: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated surgically

Answer: Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid cyst)

Extra: Amoebic liver abscess (caused by Entamoeba histolytica) is primarily treated medically with Metronidazole followed by a luminal agent (e.g., Paromomycin). In contrast, Hydatid cysts (caused by Echinococcus granulosus) typically require surgical intervention or the PAIR procedure (Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Re-aspiration) along with Albendazole.

Flashcard 493: Portal hypertension may lead to congestive _____ and hypersplenism

Answer: splenomegaly

Flashcard 494: _____ is a common, potentially fatal bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis and ascites

Answer: Spontaneous (primary) bacterial peritonitis

Flashcard 495: Hepatitis A infection symptoms typically last _____

Answer: 1 month

Flashcard 496: Frontotemporal dementia may have associated _____ disorders

Answer: movement

Flashcard 497: What non-specific antibodies (2) may be associated with Sjogren syndrome? _____

Answer: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor

Flashcard 498: _____ presents as a mass in the liver that is treated surgically

Answer: Echinococcus (Hydatid cyst)

Extra: Hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus) typically require surgical treatment (resection or PAIR) combined with albendazole. In contrast, amoebic liver abscesses (Entamoeba histolytica) are primarily managed medically with metronidazole and a luminal amebicide.

Flashcard 499: Which manifestation of *Leptospira interrogans* infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms, conjunctival suffusion, and calf myalgias?

Answer: Anicteric leptospirosis (Bacteremic phase)

Extra: Leptospirosis is often biphasic: 1. **Anicteric phase**: Characterized by flu-like symptoms, conjunctival suffusion (redness without exudate), and severe calf myalgias. 2. **Icteric phase (Weil disease)**: A severe form characterized by jaundice, liver failure, azotemia (renal failure), and hemorrhage.

Flashcard 500: What is a late complication associated with biliary tract disease (e.g. PBC, PSC)? _____

Answer: Cirrhosis