Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1341: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is caused by a _____ of the pancreas or duodenum

Answer: gastrinoma

Flashcard 1342: _____ dermatitis arises upon exposure to allergens (e.g. nickel, poison ivy, neomycin)

Answer: Contact

Flashcard 1343: Gastric ulcers are usually due to _____ (~ 70%)

Answer: H. pylori

Flashcard 1344: Gustatory hallucinations are rare, but may be seen in _____

Answer: epilepsy

Flashcard 1345: Osteoarthritis often presents with pain in _____ joints after use (e.g. hip, knees, lower lumbar spine)

Answer: weight-bearing

Flashcard 1346: Achalasia is characterized by _____ LES pressure on esophageal manometry

Answer: high

Flashcard 1347: The tears in Mallory-Weiss syndrome are caused by a rapid increase in _____ pressure (ex. retching, vomiting)

Answer: intraabdominal

Flashcard 1348: Which blistering skin disorder presents as pruritic vesicles and bullae that are grouped?_____

Answer: Dermatitis herpetiformis

Flashcard 1349: What is the urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: > 500 mOsm/kg

Extra: In **early** postrenal azotemia (initial obstruction), tubular function remains intact. The kidneys respond to the decreased effective flow by avidly reabsorbing water and sodium, resulting in concentrated urine (Uosm > 500) and low fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa < 1%), similar to prerenal azotemia. In **late** postrenal azotemia, prolonged pressure leads to tubular damage, resulting in an inability to concentrate urine (isosthenuria, Uosm < 350 mOsm/kg).

Flashcard 1350: About 10% of cases of insulinoma are associated with _____ syndrome

Answer: MEN 1