Gastroenterology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1331: What endocrine disorder may be associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome? _____

Answer: MEN 1

Flashcard 1332: The tears in Mallory-Weiss syndrome are caused by a rapid increase in _____ pressure (ex. retching, vomiting)

Answer: intraabdominal

Flashcard 1333: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is caused by a _____ of the pancreas or duodenum

Answer: gastrinoma

Flashcard 1334: Which blistering skin disorder presents with thin-walled bullae that rupture easily? _____

Answer: Pemphigus vulgaris

Flashcard 1335: Does achalasia present with dysphagia for solids or liquids? _____

Answer: Both solids and liquids

Flashcard 1336: The most common gallstone complication is _____

Answer: cholecystitis

Flashcard 1337: Which protozoal complication can present with megacolon and megaesophagus?_____

Answer: Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Flashcard 1338: What is the urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: > 500 mOsm/kg

Extra: In **early** postrenal azotemia (initial obstruction), tubular function remains intact. The kidneys respond to the decreased effective flow by avidly reabsorbing water and sodium, resulting in concentrated urine (Uosm > 500) and low fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa < 1%), similar to prerenal azotemia. In **late** postrenal azotemia, prolonged pressure leads to tubular damage, resulting in an inability to concentrate urine (isosthenuria, Uosm < 350 mOsm/kg).

Flashcard 1339: Which blistering skin disorder, pemphigus vulgaris or bullous pemphigoid, may involve the oral mucosa? _____

Answer: Pemphigus vulgaris

Flashcard 1340: Gustatory hallucinations are rare, but may be seen in _____

Answer: epilepsy