Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 691: A diagnosis of parotitis is confirmed by _____

Answer: imaging (ultrasound / CT)

Flashcard 692: What tests (2) are used to diagnose HIV in neonates?_____

Answer: HIV RNA and HIV DNA nucleic acid amplification tests

Flashcard 693: Apex (Supine; Bell):Identify:[sound:09 Apex, Holo Sys Mur, Supine, Bell.mp3]_____

Answer: Holosystolic Murmur

Flashcard 694: What is the result of a dexamethasone suppression test if the cause of hypercortisolism is an adrenal cortical tumor?_____

Answer: neither low nor high dose dexamethasone suppresses cortisol secretion

Flashcard 695: What is the best initial screening test for HIV?

Answer: 4th generation HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab immunoassay

Flashcard 696: The _____ blot *used to be* the confirmatory test for HIV after a positive ELISA

Answer: Western

Flashcard 697: Most notably, the serum tumor marker CA 19-9 is seen elevated in _____

Answer: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 698: Which infection is associated with ground-glass opacities on chest imaging and "crushed ping-pong ball" appearing cysts on silver stain?

Answer: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

Extra: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a yeast-like fungus that causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g., AIDS with CD4+ count < 200/mm³). - **Imaging (CXR/CT):** Diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacities. - **Microscopy (GMS/Silver stain):** Disc-shaped or "crushed ping-pong ball" appearing cysts.

Flashcard 699: Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by urine specific gravity < _____

Answer: 1.006

Flashcard 700: The lactose hydrogen breath test is positive for lactose malabsorption if the post-lactose breath hydrogen rises _____ ppm compared with baseline

Answer: > 20