Clinical Reasoning — Flashcards

Flashcard 691: The _____ blot *used to be* the confirmatory test for HIV after a positive ELISA

Answer: Western

Flashcard 692: Both central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are characterized by urine specific gravity < _____

Answer: 1.006

Flashcard 693: The lactose hydrogen breath test is positive for lactose malabsorption if the post-lactose breath hydrogen rises _____ ppm compared with baseline

Answer: > 20

Flashcard 694: Which infection is associated with ground-glass opacities on chest imaging and "crushed ping-pong ball" appearing cysts on silver stain?

Answer: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

Extra: Pneumocystis jirovecii is a yeast-like fungus that causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients (e.g., AIDS with CD4+ count < 200/mm³). - **Imaging (CXR/CT):** Diffuse, bilateral ground-glass opacities. - **Microscopy (GMS/Silver stain):** Disc-shaped or "crushed ping-pong ball" appearing cysts.

Flashcard 695: _____ pyuria is the presence of pyuria (> 10 WBCs/hpf and leukocyte esterase) with a negative urine culture

Answer: Sterile

Flashcard 696: Can an adenomatous polyp be distinguished from a hyperplastic polyp on gross examination (e.g. colonoscopy)? _____

Answer: No (thus remove all polyps)

Flashcard 697: Chronic subdural hematomas appear _____-dense on CT

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 698: _____ is an acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder with gallbladder wall thickening

Answer: Cholecystitis

Flashcard 699: Piriformis syndrome manifests with symptoms of _____

Answer: sciatica

Flashcard 700: Lactase deficiency is characterized by _____ hydrogen content with a lactose hydrogen breath test

Answer: increased