Study Design — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: Patients lost to follow up is a type of _____ bias

Answer: selection

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 92: Which study design involves two or more experimental interventions, each with two or more variables, allowing for the evaluation of multiple factors and their interactions?\n\n_____

Answer: Factorial design

Extra: Factorial designs are efficient because they can test multiple hypotheses at once and can identify interactions between treatments that might be missed in separate studies.

Flashcard 93: If the 95% CI for odds ratio or relative risk includes 1, H0 _____ rejected

Answer: is not

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 94: What study design involves two or more groups receiving different treatments (e.g., Group A receives Treatment A, Group B receives Treatment B) concurrently?\n\n_____

Answer: Parallel study

Extra: In contrast, in a crossover study, participants would receive both treatments in a sequential order.

Flashcard 95: _____ = least affected by outliers _____ = most affected by outliers

Answer: Mode

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/biostatistics/videos/statistical-distributions?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 96: If an association persists in the Gene X (+) group but disappears in the Gene X (-) group upon stratification, Gene X is a(n) _____.

Answer: effect modifier

Flashcard 97: A **Z-score of +1** corresponds to a value that is _____

Answer: 1 SD above the mean

Extra: A Z-score (standard score) represents the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean.

Flashcard 98: What type of study has a population as the unit of analysis (rather than individual)? _____

Answer: Ecological study

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 99: In a **skewed distribution**, the _____ is pulled toward the tail.

Answer: mean

Extra: Positive skew (right): Mean > Median > Mode Negative skew (left): Mean < Median < Mode

Flashcard 100: Which type of bias occurs when the sample selected for a study is not representative of the target population? _____

Answer: Selection bias

Extra: Selection bias occurs when the participants selected for a study are not representative of the target population. Examples include Berkson bias, non-response bias, and the healthy worker effect. https://onlinemeded.org/spa/epidemiology-and-stats/bias/acquire