Study Design — Flashcards

Can you typically calculate the risk ratio in case-control studies? _____

What is the variance for a standard deviation of 10? _____

In regards to the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the closer the absolute r value is to _____, the stronger the correlation between 2 variables

In a study where **Control Risk = 50%** and **Treatment Risk = 30%**: Absolute Risk Reduction = _____ Relative Risk Reduction = 40% Number needed to treat = 5

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Study had poor _____ validity due to _____

Hint: internal/external

If the 95% CI for a mean difference between 2 variables includes 0, then there _____ a significant difference between the two groups

Hint: is/is not

For _____ diseases, OR = RR. In these cases, case-control studies can actually calculate _____

Hint: rare/common

Identify which scenario describes **confounding** vs. **effect modification** based on stratification: 1. Association is maintained in only one stratum (e.g., Gene X present) 2. Association is eliminated when stratified (e.g., by smoking status) _____

Calculate the 95% confidence interval (p<.05): Sample Mean = 200 Standard Error = 5 _____

Exposures that happen long before disease assessment may cause the study to miss diseased patients who die earlier = _____ bias