Molecular Genetics — Flashcards

Flashcard 221: Where are estrogen receptors expressed (cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus)? _____

Answer: Nucleus

Extra: Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, T3/T4, and vitamin D receptors are located in the **nucleus**. Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors are located in the **cytoplasm** (and translocate to the nucleus upon ligand binding).

Flashcard 222: _____ is the production of a recombinant DNA molecule that is self-perpetuating

Answer: Cloning

Flashcard 223: Primary lactase deficiency occurs due to absence of the _____ allele

Answer: lactase-persistence

Flashcard 224: _____ is a powerful diagnostic tool used to amplify a desired fragment of DNA

Answer: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Flashcard 225: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a occurs due to an inherited defect from the _____ due to imprinting

Answer: mother

Flashcard 226: What form of chromatin do Barr bodies exist as? _____

Answer: Heterochromatin

Flashcard 227: The G6PD isoform genes are located on the _____

Answer: X-chromosome

Flashcard 228: Patients with kallmann syndrome most commonly have mutations in the _____ or FGFR-1 genes

Answer: KAL-1

Flashcard 229: HCV is associated with _____, which are Ig_____ immunoglobulins that precipitate out of the blood at cool temperatures

Answer: cryoglobulins

Flashcard 230: Lac Operon: In the presence of _____, the repressor protein is unbound from the operator site, leading to increased transcription

Answer: high lactose